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The diagnosis between different diseases may be impaired by clinical and histopathologic similarities, as observed in the oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL). Inspite of similar clinicopathological features; etiology, diagnosis and prognosis differ which mandates separation of OLL from OLP. Hence, it is essential for the oral physician and oral pathologist to be familiarized with the individual variations among clinicopathological features of OLP and OLL as well as to obtain a thorough history and perform a complete mucocutaneous examination in addition to specific diagnostic testing. The difficulties faced to establish the diagnosis between these two pathologies are widely investigated in the literature with a lack of definite conclusion. This review is an attempt to throw some light on these clinicopathologic entities with the aim to resolve the diagnostic dilemma.

Thyroid dysfunction is the second most common glandular disorder of the endocrine system, which may rear its head in any system in the body including the mouth. The oral cavity is adversely affected by either an excess or deficiency of thyroid hormone. Childhood hypothyroidism known as cretinism is characterized by thick lips, large protruding tongue (macroglossia), malocclusion and delayed eruption of teeth. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism is not performed in all countries and not every affected patient might be determined by neonatal screening alone. The dentist by detecting the early signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism can refer the patient for medical diagnosis and treatment and avoid potential complications of treating patients with uncontrolled disease. Herein, we present a case of undetected hypothyroidism in a 13-year-old female patient based on dental features by oral medicine specialists.

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