Paclitaxel is a generic drug produced based on Taxol which is an extract of Taxus tree, well known for its anticancer and antibacterial effects. This study was aimed at building up an agent with the antibacterial and anticancer benefits of both the silver ions and Taxol, together with less cytotoxic effects. Materials and Methods: Colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by reducing aqueous AgNO 3 with aqueous Taxus leaf extract at nonphotomediated conditions, without any catalyst, template or surfactant. The AgNP production was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTI) spectroscopy. The MTT assay for human breast cancer cells as well as the DAPI fluorescent staining microscopy tested the biocompatibility and anticancer effects of AgNPs, silver nitrate, and Taxol. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were performed to determine the shape and size of the nanoparticles. MTT assay showed the best inhibitory concentration of AgNPs on cancer cells. The antibacterial activity of the three case study materials was tested for gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using well diffusion test. Results: This work proposes more anticancer effects for AgNP made by Taxus brevifolia extract, comparing Taxol solution. IC50 was observed as 3.1 mM for Taxol while 1.5 mM for new AgNP. Moreover, Taxus showed no antibacterial effects while the new AgNP showed a dose-dependent biocompatibility along with slightly more antibacterial effects (MIC: 1.6 and 6.6mM for gram-positive and -negative bacteria, respectively) comparing with silver nitrate solution (MIC: 1.5 and 6.2 mM for gram-positive and -negative bacteria, respectively). Conclusion:The production of herbal-mediated silver nanoparticles may be an efficient substitution for the silver nitrate-based medicines with less side effects.
Recently, phyto nanotechnology has proposed new methods for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and is also an eco-friendly, stable, rapid, simple, and cost-effective method. The present study reported the green synthesis of Zn nanoparticles (Zn NPs) by Taxus baccata extract, and their performance was tested against three types of bacteria and a type of cancer cells. These experiments are designed in a fully compatible environment. In order to evaluate effective parameters, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used. In addition, we had a comparative study of the performance of synthesized nanoparticles on bacteria, and a comparative study on the pure extract of this plant as an anticancer agent along with biosynthesized Zn nanoparticles. The SEM and FESEM results revealed hexagonal structure with the particle size of 20 nm. TEM analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles showed hexagonal particles with an average size of 20-25 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the reduction of functional groups, alkaloids, corresponding of synthesis Zn nanoparticles from their salt solution. The antibacterial activity of Taxus baccata extract, Zn nanoparticles, and zinc nitrate solution was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anticancer activity of Taxus baccata extract, zinc nitrate solution and synthesized Zn nanoparticles on cancer cells was assessed by Breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The results showed that the synthesized Zn nanoparticles using plant leaf extract had strong anti-cancer activity on MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, the synthesized metal nanoparticles had no effect on the three types of bacteria.
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