Background: Folate and vitamin B 12 are essential micronutrients, the deficiency of which can be associated with public health problems worldwide. Aim: The aims of this study were to assess the folate and vitamin B 12 status of healthy adults and the effect of gender differences on their deficiency using serum folate, vitamin B 12 and red blood cell (RBC) folate as biomarkers and their relation to hematological indices. Methods: This study was a part of the Azar cohort study, which is designed as a noncommunicable disease survey in the population of Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 95 healthy adults (35 men, 60 women) were chosen according to exclusion criteria and assessed using demographic characteristics and blood sampling. Results: Low concentrations of serum folate, vitamin B 12 and RBC folate were detected in 16.8%, 61.1% and 40% of all subjects, respectively. Prevalence of low serum folate and vitamin B 12 was higher in men than women (25.7% versus 11.7% for serum folate, 77.1% versus 51.7% for serum vitamin B 12).A significant positive correlation was found between hemoglobin and serum folate, vitamin B 12 and RBC folate concentrations (r ¼ 0.279, 0.335, 0.228, respectively). No statistically significant correlation between mean corpuscular volume and serum folate, vitamin B 12 and RBC folate was seen (r ¼-0.049,-0.030,-0.016, respectively). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of low folate and vitamin B 12 concentrations in our community. Regarding the impact of these two vitamins deficiency on overall health, we suggest further investigations with more participants. In addition, monitoring hematological indices could be useful in people with folate and vitamin B 12 deficiency.
Background: Repeated 24-hour recalls and diet diaries are the most dietary methods, which have been used as gold standards in food frequency questionnaire (FFQ ) validation studies. But associated random errors between the FFQ and these two dietary assessment methods can result in flawed estimates of validity. Therefore, evaluation biochemical indices have been considered as a reference method in validation studies.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the FFQ by comparing the estimated intakes of folate and vitamin B12 with corresponding biochemical markers. Methods: Participants were 95 healthy adults from Azar Cohort Study. We compared folate and vitamin B12 intakes of food frequency questionnaire with their concentrations in blood specimens. Serum folate and vitamin B12, and of red blood cell folate concentrations, were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method respectively. Results: Spearman correlation coefficients between dietary folate and corresponding biomarkers (serum and RBC folate) concentrations were 0.04 (P-value = 0.65), 0.06 ( P-value = 0.52) respectively. There was no correlation between dietary vitamin B12 and serum concentrations of this vitamin, whether in crude or energy-adjusted model in the total population studied(r = - 0.134 , p = 0.19 in crude model and r = -0.137, p = 0.18 in energy-adjusted model ). According to the findings of this study, 64.51, 60.21 and 54.83 percent of studied population were in the same/adjacent quartiles of dietary folate-serum folate, dietary folate-red blood cell folate and dietary vitamin B12-serum vitamin B12 respectively.Conclusion: According to our results, it seems that this FFQ may not be a reliable tool to assess intakes of folate and vitamin B12. Therefore, further studies with large sample size are needed to achieve more clear results.
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