With the desire to improve the efficiency and the reliability of the power system as well as the advancement of smart meter and communication networks, the demand response (DR) program has been facilitated to become a key component in the smart grid. Many current researches focus on incentives‐based DR research orientation. In addition, accurately quantifying the incentive payment is also a significant challenge because of the fact that the incentive payment is currently determined depending on knowledge, experience, and experimental results. This paper presents a method of pricing incentive payments for the incentive‐based DR program through social welfare maximization framework which ensures the benefits of all participants involved. Besides, this study also proposed the quantification of incentive payments by a theoretical approach based on the satisfaction level of electricity consumers which is approximated through a fuzzy logic model. Moreover, the impact of renewable energy sources on the pricing mechanism and benefits of all parties participating in the DR program is also discussed through the calculation cost for renewable energy integration and emission cost function. The results show the validity and feasibility of the method.
Backgrounds: Dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine is a current frontline drug recommended in global by WHO for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (WHO, 2015), but is now failing in Vietnam provinces where border Cambodia, and has emerged and spread. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and molecular markers of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine failures in Daklak province.
Methods: A study design of non - randomized controlled study design for the 42 day - course follow - up in vivo test, and the molecular markers analysis.
Findings: The data showed that adequate clinical and parasitological response was sharply declined of 12,1%, late clinical failure of 51.5%, late parasitological failure of 36.4%, proportion of positive parasitemia at D3 is 37%, slope half - life of 5.36 hrs, and progressive parasite clearance PC50, PC75, PC 90, PC95, and PC99 were 13.24; 19.29; 25.69; 29.97 and 39.15 hrs, respectively. Molecular markers of C580Y Kelch mutation observed 100% (50/50) in the patients, increased of Plasmepsine 2 CNV of 72% (36/50), and both K13 and Plasmepsine 2 of 72% (36/50).
Conclusions: The DHA - PPQ efficacy severely decreased of 12.1%, overall treatment failure of 87.9% with the prominent C580Y mutant plus increased Plasmepsine 2 copy number variation in delayed asexual P. falciparum parasite clearance. These obvious data need to urgently change antimalarial policy in DHA - PPQ resistance zones.
The rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship is one of the most commonly used tools in establishing rain intensity formulas for urban stormwater drainage design. Currently, the rain formulas being applied in Vietnam according to the design standard TCVN 7957-2008 are mostly Soviet formulas with climate parameters dating back to the 80s of the twentieth century. Therefore, it is no longer suitable for the calculation of the current stormwater drainage system, especially in the context of climate change. In this paper, we used statistical methods to process rain gauge data from 1960 to 2021 to build the IDF curve for the inner city of Hanoi (Vietnam). The results show that the new IDF curves are more suitable for the current climate situation than the IDF curves according to TCVN 7957-2008.
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