Ground source heat pumps typically use Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs) which are drilled vertically into the ground to extract heat. Space limitations in urban areas can limit the total length of BHEs. Continuous heat extraction over long period from BHEs especially with limited length results in cooling of the ground. Furthermore, the presence of neighbouring BHEs adds to the cooling effect thereby reducing the overall geothermal energy potential. Therefore, it is important to consider spatial constraints and the thermal interference from neighbouring BHEs when evaluating the geothermal energy potential of urban areas. In this paper, a methodology to calculate the long-term geothermal energy potential for an urban neighbourhood is developed. A GIS based workflow is used to design the BHEs for multiple buildings, in order to satisfy their total heating/cooling demand considering spatial constraints. A model that accounts for thermal interference between neighbouring BHEs is developed to simulate their operation and the long-term geothermal energy potential is calculated. The method is applied to an urban neighbourhood in Zurich, Switzerland with 170 buildings. Results show that the geothermal energy potential is overestimated if thermal interference between BHEs are not accounted for. A long-term declining trend is observed in the geothermal energy potential due to ground cooling.
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