This study was able to obtain bimodal mesoporous silica through a process of synthesizing silica derived from rice husk ash in conjunction with structure-directing agents (Pluronic P123 and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)) and the application of the sol-gel method. Rice husk ash taken from a biomass power plant went through a process of extraction using sodium hydroxide. The procedures of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, Transmission electron microscope and Scanning electron microscope techniques in order to perform the characteristics of bimodal mesoporous silica (BMS), unimodal mesoporous silica with Pluronic P123 (UMS-P123), unimodal mesoporous silica with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (UMS-CTAB) and rice husk silica (RHS). The results showed that bimodal mesoporous silica with the prominent characteristic of larger mesopore were created when materials such as SBA-15 (the dominant characteristics of Pluronic P123), and with CTAB incorporated, in which the mesopore in a smaller size originated from parent templates. The specific surface area (>700 m 2 /g), pore volume (1.30 cm 3 /g) and pore size (9.20 and 3.30 nm) of bimodal mesoporous silica was found to be higher unimodal mesoporous silica (UMS-P123 and UMS-CTAB). Consequently, bimodal mesoporous silica synthesize from rice husk ash is considered to be a very suitable material which has the potential to be applied for an adsorbent and also gave the environment benefits and renewable resource.
The use of biopolymers as bioadhesives for human tissue is becoming a preferred alternative to suturing due to their superior adhesive, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. In this work, low molecular weight poly(L-lactide-co--caprolactone) (P(LA-co-CL) was synthesized to achieve the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the copolymer at ambient temperature so that during application on the skin, the copolymer when combined with chitosan (CHI) into the CHI/P(LA-co-CL) film could provide the strong support at the injury site. Using alcohols with different numbers of hydroxyl groups as the co-initiator in polymerization provided the distinctive characteristics of copolymers. Among all copolymers synthesized, P(LA-co-CL) copolymer using pentaerythritol as the co-initiator when combined with CHI at the ratio of copolymer/CHI at 70/30 yielded the good film properties in tissue adhesion and tetracycline hydrochloride release.
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