The substrate scope of the MnCl2‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between aryl halides and Grignard reagents has been extended to several methyl‐substituted aryl iodides by performing the reaction at elevated temperature in a microwave oven. A radical clock experiment revealed the presence of an aryl radical as an intermediate leading to the proposal of an SRN1 pathway for the coupling. The mechanistic information gave rise to suspicion about two previously published cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by manganese(II) salts. As a result, the coupling between aryl halides and organostannanes as well as between aryl halides and amines were revisited. Both reactions were found impossible to reproduce without the addition of small amounts of palladium or copper and are therefore not believed to be catalyzed by manganese.

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In this project, facile, rapid biosynthesis and characterization of silver-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite is carried out at ambient temperature. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were prepared by water extract of the plant [Satureja hortensis (L)] as the reducing agent and MMT as interlamellar space for controlling the size of Ag-NPs. MMT was sonicated in the aqueous AgNO 3 solution and Ag + ions were reduced to Ag° using water extract of Satureja hortensis (L). The nanocomposite was evaluated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM study showed the formations of nanocomposite using water extract of Satureja hortensis L in the range of 4.88-26.70 nm and an average particles size of 15.79 nm. In addition, XRD studies indicated that the particles have a face centred cubic (FCC) structure. The nanocomposite showed antibacterial effects against bacteria. Graphical abstractKeywords Antibacterial effects · Montmorillonite · Nanocomposite · Satureja hortensis L · Transmission electron microscopy * Sajjad Sedaghat

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Ammonium hydrogen sulfate based ionic liquid immobilized on Na+–montmorillonite (AHS@MMT) was prepared via anchoring ammonium hydrogen sulfate propyltriethoxysilane onto sodium montmorillonite by covalent bonds.

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This work reports an efficient approach for the fabrication of novel nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) and its application as support for NiÀ Pd NPs immobilization and then its catalytic performance toward Heck reaction and sequential one-pot cross coupling-nitro reduction. Herein, NHPC has been synthesized via the in situ polymerization of pyrrole onto the Luffa sponge surface as a cost-effective, green and biological template and a carbonization process. The high nitrogen content (7.24 wt%) and hierarchical porous structure of NHPC resulted in well dispersion of NiÀ Pd NPs onto the surface and remarkable stability of them during the reactions.Also, the combination of Ni and Pd NPs with the Ni: Pd ratio of 70:30 exhibited high catalytic activity in the Heck coupling and one-pot sequential coupling-nitro reduction. Furthermore, the prepared support and catalyst were studied by FT-IR, composition and elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and elemental (FESEM), mapping, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ICP-AES, N 2 adsorption-desorption, Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS/UV), zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques.