-Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. Research on resistant host plant varieties is one of the most effective management strategies for this parasitic weed. In this study, the susceptibility of twenty-nine tomato varieties to broomrape infection (Orobanche aegyptiaca) under greenhouse conditions was investigated. The employed experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. Differences in susceptibility to infection were monitored among tomato varieties based on their difference in the number of emerged shoots of broomrape and broomrape dry weight (shoots and tubercles). Date of Orobanche emergence varied over a period of 3 to 30 days between varieties. Very late infection was monitored for varieties of Cal-jN3, Viva, Caligen 86, Packmor, CSX 5013, Hyb. PS 6515 and Hyb Petopride5. Differences in the growth and fruit yield among tomato varieties were also found in response to broomrape infestation. Moderate levels of resistance were obtained in Viva, Caligen 86, Hyb. PS 6515, Hyb.Firenze (PS 8094) and Cal-jN3 among other tomato varieties. In contrast, varieties of Kimia-Falat, Hyb. Petopride II and Hyb.AP865 were the most susceptible hosts to Orobanche aegyptiaca.Keywords: breeding, Orobanche aegyptiaca, Lycopersicon esculentum, parasitic plant, weed. Viva, Caligen 86, Packmor, CSX 5013, Hyb. OS 6515 e Hyb Petopride5. Também RESUMO -Espécies de plantas daninhas parasitas do gênero Orobanche são uma séria ameaça à produção de diversas culturas na Europa, África e Ásia. A realização de pesquisas com variedades resistentes de plantas hospedeiras é uma das estratégias de manejo mais eficazes com relação a essa planta daninha parasita. Neste estudo, foi investigada, em casa de vegetação, a susceptibilidade de vinte e nove variedades de tomate à infecção pela erva-toira do Egito (Orobanche aegyptiaca). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As diferenças de susceptibilidade à infecção foram monitoradas entre as variedades de tomate com base na diferença entre o grau de emergência da parte aérea da erva-toira e a massa seca da erva-toira (parte aérea e tubérculos). A data de emergência da Orobanche variou entre as variedades ao longo de um período de 3 a 30 dias. Foi observada uma infecção bastante tardia para as variedades
Western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) is an invasive species in spring‐sown crops that can also cause allergic rhinitis and asthma due to its allergenic pollen. In order to evaluate the chemical and mechanical control of western ragweed, two separate experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020. Chemical treatments included non‐treated plots, the combination of glyphosate and 2,4‐D, glyphosate + ammonium sulfate, bentazon, imazethapyr + surfactant, picloram, 2,4‐D, and mechanical treatments included: once mowing at 3–4 leaf stage, once mowing before male flowers' emergence, once mowing early female flowering stage, two mowings at 3–4 leaf stage, two mowings before male flowers' emergence. Results of these studies indicated that in both years, picloram at 0.96 kg ai ha−1 and the combination of 2,4‐D and glyphosate at 1.23 + 0.72 kg ai ha−1 provided more than 90% control of western ragweed and reduced plant height, dry weight, and density. The application of imazethapyr and bentazon, respectively, at the rates of 0.1 and 0.96 kg ai ha−1 did not cause visual damage. The mowing shortly before flowering was the most effective mechanical treatment for western ragweed control. In order to the efficient management of the western ragweed, we suggest that the mowing treatments if appropriately timed and application of glyphosate plus 2, 4‐D at 1.23 + 0.72 kg ai ha−1, and picloram at 0.96 kg ai ha−1 can prevent western ragweed from spreading by suppressing growth and reducing seed production.
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