Introduction: Risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is variable between individuals due to different metabolic phenotypes. In present network meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the risk of T2DM related with current definitions of metabolic health in different body mass index (BMI) categories.
Methods: Relevant articles were collected by systematically searching PubMed and Scopus databases up to 20 March 2018 and for analyses we used a random-effects model. Nineteen prospective cohort studies were included in the analyses and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) was considered as the reference group in direct comparison for calculating indirect comparisons in difference type of BMI categories.
Results: Total of 199403 participants and 10388 cases from 19 cohort studies, were included in our network meta-analysis. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) group poses highest risk for T2DM development with 10 times higher risk when is compared with MHNW (10.46 95% CI; 8.30, 13.18) and after that Metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW) individuals were at highest risk of T2DM with 7 times higher risk comparing with MHNW (7.25, 95% CI; 5.49, 9.57). Metabolically healthy overweight and obese (MHOW/MHO) individuals have (1.77, 95% CI; 1.33, 2.35) and (3.00, 95% CI; 2.33, 3.85) risk ratio for T2DM development in comparison with MHNW respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion we found that being classified as overweight and obese increased the risk of T2DM in comparison with normal weight. In addition, metabolically unhealthy (MUH) individuals are at higher risk of T2DM in all categories of BMI compared with metabolically healthy individuals.
While evidence exists for an association between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), mortality, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases, data about DTAC and renal function, and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. This study aimed to determine the associations between DTAC, renal function, and progression of CKD in older adults. The present cross-sectional study consisted of 226 older adults aged ≥ 60 years old from five districts of Tehran, Iran. DTAC was estimated using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. Dietary intake, socio-demographic data, medical history, and anthropometric measurements were collected using a validated questionnaire. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed from serum creatinine. Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated by dividing albumin concentration by creatinine concentration and reported as mg/g. The DTAC ranged from 112.8 to 2,553.9. Analyses indicated that DTAC was not associated with eGFR (p = 0.35) and ACR (p = 0.91) even after controlling for confounding variables. Additionally, in logistic regression, no association between eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
(p = 0.32) and ACR ≥ 30 mg/g (p = 0.32) with DTAC was observed, which was independent of confounding variables. We observed that more compliance with DTAC is not associated with renal function and CKD progression. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of the present study in larger samples on different populations.
Background and Objectives: Obesity is a worrying problem in the present age and is the cause of many chronic non-communicable diseases. Several nutritional and non-nutritional factors are involved in the emergence of this health crisis. One of the important nutritional factors is the quality of nutrition. In this study, the relationship of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) in relation to obesity, vitamin D3, and CRP, was investigated in the elderly. Methods: This descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional) study, was performed on 190 older adults referred to health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using cluster sampling. Food intake was measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire. The level of vitamin D and hs-CRP were calculated in fasting blood, and variables of weight, height, and waist circumference, were measured. In the final analysis with logistic regression, confounding factors, were adjusted and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects, was 67.31 and the mean BMI was estimated to be 29. 89. The distribution of the individuals in terms of weight, body mass index, and waist circumference, was not significant based on AHEI-2010. The odds ratio of abdominal obesity based on AHEI-2010, was estimated to be OR=0.85 after adjusting for confounders, which was not statistically significant, but this distribution was not significant for the odds ratio of general obesity (p=1.20). Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that by increasing the score of AHEI-2010, the odds ratio of abdominal obesity decreases, but there is not significant relationship between the AHEI-2010 and general obesity, vitamin D3, and hs-CRP.
Purpose
The results of human studies evaluating the efficacy of plant Phytosterols on liver function were inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to eliminate these controversies about the Phytosterols consumption on liver serum biochemistry in adult subjects.
Design/methodology/approach
The literatures systematically searched throughout PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2018; it was conducted by using related keywords. Estimates of effect sizes were expressed based on weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI from the random-effects model (erSimonian and Laird method). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by using I2 index. Eighteen studies reported the effects of Phytosterols (PS) supplementation on liver serum biochemistry.
Findings
The current meta-analysis did not show a significant effect on ALT (MD: 0.165 U/L, 95% CI: −1.25, 1.58, p = 0.820), AST (MD: −0.375 IU/Liter, 95% CI: −1.362, 0.612, p = 0.457), ALP (MD: 0.804 cm, 95% CI: −1.757, 3.366, p = 0.538), GGT (MD: 0.431 U/L, 95% CI: −1.803, 2.665, p = 0.706) and LDH (MD: 0.619 U/L, 95% CI: −4.040, 5.277, p = 0.795) following PS consumption.
Originality/value
The authors found that no protective or toxic effects occur after the consumption of Phytosterols on liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and GGT.
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