Nanocomposite fiber materials, particularly those constructed with uniform reinforcements, have been sought for a long time in materials science. The hoped-for enhancement of the properties of polymer-nanofiber composites have remained elusive, owing in part to the difficulties in performing mechanical measurements. Harnessing the strength of atomic force spectroscopy therefore offers a new handle for the measurement of mechanical properties such as elastic modulus. The paper, here, addresses distance dependent measurements (DDM) performed on the multi-walled carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced composite fibers. To quantitatively measure the elastic modulus of nanocomposite materials, measurements were carried out on different points on the surface of the sample and ForceDistance curves were then plotted. The obtained results fairly agree to previously measured values. The great improvement in elastic modulus was achieved without sacrificing the mechanical strength and stiffness of the polymer, and with minimal weight penalty. † Corresponding author: Pirooz Marashi, Tel: +98 (21)
This paper addresses the Adhesion of mica surface employing Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) as a surface force apparatus. AFM is commonly used for atomic and nano-scale surface measurements. Based on the relations between cantilever responses and tip–sample interaction, methods for quantitative evaluation of a sample's mechanical parameters are described and issues concerning the use of AFM are discussed. The measurement of the Force-Distance curve was performed implementing Atomic Force Spectroscopy (AFS). During these measurements, the static deflection of the cantilever is monitored as a function of piezoelectric element displacement. The recorded plot is then used to quantitatively measure the mechanical properties like adhesion and elastic modulus. Forces were measured by multiplying the distance by force constant of the cantilever thorough Hook's law. It was necessary to calibrate the force constant of the cantilever to perform a precise force measurement. Force-Distance curves were obtained in three different points on the surface of mica and Distant Dependant Measurement (DDM) was conducted 10 times per each point by 1.5s interval. Adhesion force was then calculated in every single curve and the final data was the mean of thirty different curves.
Background: Alterations in hematological and renal parameters have been reported with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lamotrigine (LTG) and levetiracetam (LEV) on these parameters in children with epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included children with a first-time diagnosis of epilepsy referred to Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. Participants’ age, gender, and family history of epilepsy were recorded at the time of admission. Patients in the LTG group received 0.6 mg/kg of oral LTG in two divided doses for two weeks which continued with 1.2 mg/kg for another two weeks and then with a maintenance dose of 5-15 mg/kg daily. Patients in the LEV group received 10 mg/kg of oral LEV twice a day. When necessary, the dosage was increased to a maximum of 30 mg/kg twice a day. Treatment continued until seizures were controlled. Hematological and renal parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months after treatment. The total duration of treatment with each drug was noted as well. Results: Of the 66 children evaluated in this study with a mean age of 8.51±2.11 years, 31 (47%) were males. Age, gender, family history of epilepsy, treatment duration, and baseline hematological and renal parameters did not differ between the LTG (n=26) and LEV (n=40) groups. Patients in both groups were comparable regarding all the parameters after treatment. Finally, no significant change was observed after treatment compared to baseline in either group. Conclusion: Overall, LTG and LEV appear to have no significant effect on the hematological and renal parameters of children with epilepsy.
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