Background. Depression is consistently associated with increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and poor antiretroviral treatment adherence. Though many factors have been reported as determinant factors of depression, site-specific evidence is needed to identify factors associated with depression among adults on antiretroviral treatment. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from March to May 2015 among 411 adults HIV/AIDS patients on ART clinic follow-up. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected using chart review and interviewer- administered techniques. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to compute the statistical test associations by SPSS version-20. Variables with p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. Four hundred eleven patients with a mean age ± Standard Deviation of 36.1±9.2 years and with a total response rate of 97.6% were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of depression was 14.6% (95% CI, 10.90-18.2). Factors independently associated with depression were nonadherence to ART, eating two meals per day or less, having side effect of ART medication, being in the WHO Stage II or above of HIV/AIDS, and living alone with AOR (95% CI) of 3.3 (1.436, 7.759), 2.8 (1.382, 5.794), 4.7 (1.317, 16.514), 2.8 (0.142, 0.786), and 2.4 (1.097, 5.429), respectively. Conclusion. Though the magnitude of depression was found relatively low, it was commonly observed as a mental health problem among adult patients with HIV/AIDS on ART. Programs on counseling and close follow-up of adherence to ART, drug side effects, and nutrition should be strengthened. Health facilities should link adult patients with HIV/AIDS who live alone to governmental and nongovernmental social supporter organizations.

BackgroundSatisfaction is the psychological state that results from confirmation or disconfirmation of expectations with reality. Patients’ satisfaction is a healthcare recipient’s reaction to salient aspect of the contexts, process and result of their service experience. The aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among outpatients receiving mental health services at public hospitals in Mekelle town.ObjectivesTo assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among outpatients receiving mental health services at public hospitals in Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 outpatients receiving mental health services at public hospitals in Mekelle town from September 2013 to August 2014. The data were collected using standardized, structured pre-tested questionnaire. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Satisfaction rate was examined with the client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ-8), having four responses ranging from poor to very good. Descriptive summary using percentages, frequency and graph were used to present study results. Multivariate logistic regressions with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength and p-value < 0.05 was used to indicate the significance of the association.ResultsA total of 415 respondents were enrolled, with a response rate of 100% and magnitude of satisfaction of 72%. The predictors associated with patient satisfaction were higher education (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.24, 0.97), longer waiting time (AOR = 0.01; 95% CI 0.002, 0.07), having a diagnosis of psychosis (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.41, 5.72) were significantly associated with satisfaction.Conclusion and recommendationMore than one-four of patients receiving mental health services were dissatisfied with the service they received. Improvement in accessibility and availability of drugs, minimizing consultation time (< 45 min) or increasing number of OPD units are important to improve satisfaction.

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy is the most serious complication of diabetes which leads to end-stage renal failure and other complication of diabetes mellitus. Determinants of Diabetic nephropathy are not consistent in different studies and associated factors to chronic complications of diabetes are not specific and there are limited studies specific to diabetic nephropathy. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify determinants of diabetic nephropathy in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted from February 14 to May 8 2016. Diabetic patients who developed nephropathy in the last two years were the cases and diabetic patients free of nephropathy were controls. Cases and controls were identified detailed review of the chronic care follow up chart. Then simple random sampling was used to select sample of 420 (with control to case ratio of 4:1) resulting in 84 cases and 336 controls. Record review and interviewer administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Data was coded and entered in to Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to STATA 12 for analysis. Variables with P-values< 0.25 in Bivariate logistic regression were selected for multiple logistic regressions to determine independent determinants of diabetic nephropathy. OR was calculated with 95% CI to show strength of association.ResultThe mean age (±Standard deviation) for the cases and the controls were 52(SD: ±1.34) and 42.4(SD: ±0.8) respectively. In multiple logistic regressions age of patient (AOR: 1.037 95%CI: 1.01–1.064), duration of diabetes after diagnosis (AOR for one year increase: 1.09 95%CI: 1.036–1.15), not-adhered to blood glucose measurement at home (AOR: 6.81 95%CI: 1.15–40.24), having Systolic Hypertension (AOR;2.13 (1.002–4.51), poor glycemic control (AOR;2.71 95%CI: (1.49–4.95), being overweight(AOR;2.7(1.47–4.96) were the independent predictors of diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionIn the light of these findings, targeted interventions should be designed at the follow up clinic to address the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy among the risk groups.

BackgroundThe global incidence of HIV infection is not significantly decreasing, especially in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Though there is availability and accessibility of free HIV services, people are not being diagnosed early for HIV, and hence patients are still dying of HIV-related causes. This research is aimed at verifying the effect of late diagnosis of HIV on HIV-related mortality in Central Zone Tigray, Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study among adult (≥15 years old) HIV patients in three general hospitals of Tigray was conducted. Record reviews were carried out retrospectively from 2010 to 2015. Sample size was determined using stpower Cox in Stata software. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 software and transferred to Stata version 12 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed using Cox regression model to compare the HIV-related mortality of exposed (cluster of differentiation 4 cells count <350 cells/mm3) and nonexposed (≥350 cells/mm3) patients using adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultIn all, 638 HIV patients were analyzed, contributing 2,105.6 person-years. Forty-eight (7.5%) patients died of HIV-related causes with a mortality rate of 2.28 per 100 person-years. In the multivariable Cox regression model, patients with late diagnosis of HIV had a higher risk of mortality (AHR =3.22, 95% CI: 1.17–8.82) than patients with early diagnosis of HIV. Rural residence (AHR =1.96, 95% CI: 1.05–3.68), unemployment (AHR =2.70, 95% CI: 1.03–7.08), bedridden patients (AHR =2.98, 95% CI: 1.45–6.13), ambulatory patients (AHR =2.54, 95% CI: 1.05–6.15), and baseline hemoglobin level of <11 mg/dL (AHR =3.06, 95% CI: 1.51–6.23) were other independent predictors of mortality.Conclusion and recommendationsLate diagnosis of HIV increased HIV-related mortality. Rural residence, unemployment, bedridden and ambulatory patients, and baseline hemoglobin level <11 mg/dL were also independent predictors of HIV-related mortality.

ObjectivePreeclampsia or eclampsia, which is one of the direct obstetric complication, results in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The factors associated with it remains unclear. So, the aim of the study was to assess the dietary factors associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia among women in delivery care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ResultsFactors which were investigated as protective for preeclampsia or eclampsia were: Fruit intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.20, 4.32), vegetable intake during pregnancy (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.01, 0.71) and receiving nutritional counseling during antenatal care (AOR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.05, 0.6). In the other side being nulliparous women was a risk factor for preeclampsia or eclampsia (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI 1.15, 3.55).