Introduction: Diabetes mellitus was perceived as the problem of the developed world but currently developing countries like Ethiopia are suffering chronic diseases of which diabetes is the major one.Objective: The aim of this study wasto assess of the level and associated factors with knowledge and practice of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients attending at FelegeHiwot hospital. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted using interviewer administered questionnaire among 410 diabetic patients. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Data was entered to EPI info 3.5.1 and then transferred to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistics including bivariate and multivariate analysis were applied. Result: Among 410 respondents, Half (49.8%) of them had good knowledge and one hundred fifty four (36.8%) participants had good practice on diabetes. Lower age was significantly associated with good knowledge and practice. Age group 18-32 yrs, 33-41 yrs and 42-50 yrs were 6.2 times, 3.3 times and 3.1 times respectively more likely to had good knowledge compared to individuals who were at the age of 50 yrsand above. Similarly, age group between 18-32 yrs was 6 times more likely to have good practice. Higher educational status was also associated with good knowledge and practice. Participants in grade 1-8, grade 9-12 and higher education and above were 3.4 times, 4.7 times and 7.2 timesrespectively more likely to had good knowledge compared to those who were unable to read and write.Likewise, those in grade 1-8, grade 9-12 and higher education and above were 3.5, 4.3 and5.4 times respectivelyto have good practice.Increased duration of diabetic therapy was positively associated with good knowledge and practice. Increased level of income was positively associated with good practice.Conclusion: This study demonstrated low level of knowledge and practice among DM patients. Age, educational status and duration of DM therapy were associated with good knowledge and practice of participants. Monthly income was also associated with good practice. Improving knowledge and practice of diabetic patient through active education is advisable. Involvement of both governmental and non-governmental organizations is also crucial to help patients receive maximum benefit from the health care service.

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and associated factors in orphaned children under 5 years old.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingGambella City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA sample of 419 under 5 orphaned children included in the study. Eligible households with orphans had selected using a systematic random sampling method. The lottery method was used when more than one eligible study participants live in the household. An OR with 95% CI was performed to measure the strength of association between each dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.Primary outcomeThe main outcome of this study was the prevalence of undernutrition among orphaned under 5 and its associated factors.ResultsPrevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in orphan children under 5 were 12.2%, 37.8% and 21.7%, respectively. The prevalnce of wasting peaks among age group of 36–47 months (42.5%), whereas underweight peaks in 48–59 months (27.7%). Food insecurity, wealth index, family size, vitamin A supplementation, diarrhoea, fever 2 weeks before the survey, children under 5 and parents’ death were associated with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among orphan children under 5 was significantly high. Multisectoral collaborative efforts towards access to health services, improving income-generating activities, micronutrient supplementation and social support and protection targeting orphan and vulnerable populations have to be built up.

Background: Though there was a high blood supply need in response to high communicable disease and increased emergency conditions; the practice of health professionals and non-health professionals on voluntary blood donation is still unexpectedly low in Ethiopia. Health professionals and non-health professionals working in the health sectors are pivotal in taking the lead to reverse the effect of inadequate blood supply system in the country. Therefore, the study aimed to understand the level and contributing factors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of voluntary blood donation among health and non-health professionals in ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among health professionals and non-health professionals in ALERT hospital from 5 to 30 June 2018. A total of 394 hospital staffs participated in this study. A well-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about voluntary blood donation. The statistical analysis was carried out using R.Results: A total of 203 (51.5%) participants were females. Only 142 (36%) of the participants had voluntary blood donation practice. Among these, 60 (42.3%) of them were donated blood more than once. Occupation is the only factor significantly associated with blood donation practice; health professionals had almost two-fold donation practice than non-health professionals with (AOR=1.62; 5%CI: 1.02, 2.57, p=0.042). Occupation has also a strong relationship with knowledge, health professionals had better knowledge than non-professionals with (AOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.39, 4.12; p=0.002). The result also showed that the educational status of the participants was strongly associated with the blood donors’ attitude (AOR=3.62; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.93, p=0.035). One hundred and two (72.3%) of the blood donors were motivated to donate blood for charity, 133 (94.3%) individuals were felt good after blood donation and lack of request was the major reason 88.6% that causes the respondents not to donate blood frequently. Conclusions: Low blood donation practice of health professionals and non-health professionals was identified from this study. Occupation had significantly associated with blood donation practice. Therefore, targeted interventions aimed at mobilizing hospital staffs and develop accessible blood donation centers are recommended to reverse the effect of inadequate blood supply system in Ethiopia.