Perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) have attracted attraction in the photovoltaic community since their inception in 2009. To optimize the performance of hybrid perovskite cells, a primary and crucial strategy is to unravel the dominant charge transport mechanisms and interfacial properties of the contact materials. This study focused on the charge transfer process and interfacial recombination within the n–i–p architecture of solar cell devices. The motivation for this paper was to investigate the impacts of recombination mechanisms that exist within the interface in order to quantify their effects on the cell performance and stability. To achieve our objectives, we firstly provided a rationale for the photoluminescence and UV-Vis measurements on perovskite thin film to allow for disentangling of different recombination pathways. Secondly, we used the ideality factor and impedance spectroscopy measurements to investigate the recombination mechanisms in the device. Our findings suggest that charge loss in PSCs is dependent mainly on the configuration of the cells and layer morphology, and hardly on the material preparation of the perovskite itself. This was deduced from individual analyses of the perovskite film and device, which suggest that major recombination most likely occur at the interface.
Author Contributions: S.A.O. conceived the original idea and was in charge of the overall direction and experimental analysis. J.K.K. and L.J. aided in interpreting the results and worked on the manuscript. D.W. provided critical feedback, aided in interpreting and helped shape the research, analysis, and manuscript. K.R. and B.M. provided useful information and suggestions for this paper and contributed to the analysis tools. R.E. assisted with optical (UV and PL) measurements. A.S. assisted with electrical measurements. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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