Purpose: The implementation of building information modeling (BIM) has been previously approached from various perspectives, but confusion regarding BIM's full potential and on how to apply it remains. The whole is viewed from distinct perspectives to reflect the full potential and explain the tentatively unused potential. Study design/methodology/approach: The study follows a conceptual research approach in conjunction with a single case study. The BIM iceberg model is utilized as an explanatory synthesis frame to reflect perspectives describing BIM utilization. Findings: A BIM implementation status framework is developed to describe the BIM utilization maturity in a typical case company. The framework is tested, and indications of support for the logic of the BIM iceberg model are gained. To date, BIM has been used successfully in the early construction project stages (tip of the iceberg, primary BIM). The below-sea-level parts, the collaborative BIM and integrative BIM - the full potential - are rarely recognized. Originality/value: The presented BIM implementation status shows that there is a gap between the full potential of BIM and the level of BIM utilization in practice.

The construction industry suffers from low productivity, and the Building Information Modelling (BIM) has not been successful in enhancing the productivity and the flow of information throughout highly fragmented construction projects. Hence, this study aims to facilitate consistency in information and addresses the current gaps in BIM by applying the Productization and Product Structure concept. The study follows conceptual research approach and accordingly, previous studies on productization and product structure are reviewed. The Part-Phase-Elements Matrix is proposed as a constructionspecific product structure to facilitate consistency in information and enhance BIM.

PurposeThis study aims to facilitate consistency of information in building information modelling (BIM) and address the current BIM gaps through the perspectives of the productization concept and product structure (PS).Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a conceptual research approach in conjunction with a single case study. First, the previous studies on BIM implementation, productization and PS are reviewed. Further, a case study is used to analyse the current state of productization in the construction sector and develop a functional PS for construction.FindingsA Part-Phase-Elements Matrix is proposed as a construction-specific PS to facilitate consistency in information and to enhance BIM. The proposed matrix provides new avenues to facilitate consistent information exchange through the interconnection between conceptual PS and standard building objects library, and encourage collaborative communication between stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study explores the core of the productization concept and PS as means to facilitate consistency of information and thus address the current gaps in BIM. This as building projects progressively move towards systematic modular and prefabricated construction where the flow of reliable information about product and construction offerings becomes increasingly important.

The ongoing Industry 4.0 transformation places significant pressures on how businesses create and capture value. Technological advancements such as next-generation mobile communications are reshaping the business ecosystem of Industry 4.0, resulting in emerging business opportunities for new players, such as local operators, to collaborate and compete with mobile communications companies that are implementing I4.0. These changes raise the need to explore emerging business opportunities concerning the digitalization of future factories. New data and connectivity services are introduced to serve the needs of rapidly increasing machine-type communications that rely on connectivity, primarily through the fifth generation (5G) mobile solutions provided by local operators. Thus, this paper outlines the potential value configurations for data and connectivity solutions by identifying, matching, and bridging the utilizable resources and addressable needs within the factory processes. The research applies an exploratory approach and uses the Gioia method to analyze qualitative data of a single case. The study follows the connectivity-content-context-commerce typology (4C) of Internet business models to structure, analyze, and classify the identified needs and resources in future factories from the perspective of the local operator. The findings show that the content layer of 4C business model typology is the most dominant among data and connectivity-based needs and resources of future factories. The paper contributes by presenting four alternative value configurations for digitalization for local operators in the future factory context: the product, component, platform, and complementary businesses. The results suggest content- and context-specific businesses carries foremost business potential for local operators, however quantitative validation will bring fruitful research avenues. Multiple case studies and different data collection methods may also be considered in future studies.