The primary goal of the study was to determine the prevalence and various bacterial risks of lower urinary tract infections (UTI) in diseased and seemingly healthy pet animals with and without urine retention whether they were catheterized or not. The bacterial isolates were in vitro tested for their antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance genes were investigated. Between October 2020 and January 2022, 128 urine samples were randomly collected from pets recruited to veterinary hospitals and clinics in Cairo and Giza. Samples were cultivated for bacteriological isolation. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella spp. were found to be the most common bacterial causes of urinary tract infections in pets, with prevalence rates of 32.9%, 28%, and 19.5%, respectively followed by Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) with incidences of 18.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Based on bacterial types and their virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance (MDR) behaviour varied. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of the urinary tract infection would benefit from the identification and characterization of isolated bacterial species.
IFFERENT samples of sodium alginate grafted by polyacrylonitrile copolymer were synthesized via the grafting process through a free radical polymerization mechanism. Graft structures were characterized and confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the graft copolymers acquired higher thermal stability compared to native alginate. Moreover, its solubility in several solvents was examined as compared to that of native alginate. The main outcome of this paper was that a grafted copolymer with hydrophobic enrichment (Wt% = 150 %) of polyacrylonitrile as a core was sufficient to form stabilize colloidal system within nanoparticles have Z-average diameter equal 55 nm and sodium alginate as a shell. The SAg PAN graft copolymer showed a higher degree of swellability in the basic medium than in acidic medium. The consequence of that was the SAg-PAN graft copolymer exhibited pH-responsive properties. Moreover, the formed nanoparticles were loaded by a hydrophobic model and proofed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Several pyrazoles with various substitutions at various positions were prepared starting from pyrazole and its derivatives. The biological activities of newly synthesized compounds were tested and evaluated in vivo and vitro for different types of diseases and showed good results, in addition to some examples of some pyrazoles containing heterocycles were established as drugs such as Celecoxib Lesopitron Sulfaphenazole Rimonabant Tebufenpyrad Betazole Tepoxalin Pyriprole Deracoxib Mavacoxib. Pyrazole (1,2-Diazole). It is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen centers with the molecular formula C3H4N2 ; molar mass, 68.08 g mol−1; melting point, 66-70 °C, boiling point, 186-188 °C ; basicity (pKb), 2.5
Organophosphate insecticides (OPI) poisoning remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the third world countries. The continuous use of these pesticides tends to leave residues of these pesticides in agricultural crops, which in turn may harm people. The present study aimed to investigate the pathogenic effects of the "ethion" residues and the expected protective role of the ethanolic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (EER), in adult male rats. Feeding animals with Maize containing ethion residues (4 mg/Kg) caused elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities (P<0.01, P<0.001 and P<0.01), respectively. Whereas total protein (T.P) and albumin (ALB) were significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.05), respectively. As well as, an elevation in serum creatinine and urea levels (P<0.01). Also, a significant (P<0.01) increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and a significant (P<0.001) decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) content as compared to the control were obtained. In addition a decrease in plasma acetyl cholinesterase (P<0.01). Decrease in glutathione (GSH) ( P<0.01 ) , Superoxide dismutase (SOD), ( P<0.05 ), catalase (CAT) P ( P<0.01 ) and an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) ( P<0.01 ) were observed in liver , kidney and brain tissues, respectively as compared with controls. Supplementation with ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves (EER), effectively relieved most of the ethion-induced alterations. The histological investigation strongly confirmed the highly protective effect of the EER in the tissues of selected organs. These findings suggest that rosemary is effective in improving both the function and structure of the examined organs through their potent antioxidant effect.
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