Research activity associated with various observations at the Strengbach catchment in the Vosges Massif (880-1150 m) addresses many questions in the domains of hydrology and geochemistry. The catchment is the observation and experimental site of the Observatoire Hydro-Géochimique de l'Environnement appointed by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. It also belongs to the research facilities that form the French Network of Critical Zone Observatories (OZCAR), which supports a network of critical zone observatories. The catchment is small (0.8 km 2 ) with steep slopes (20-30%) on granitic bedrock that mainly allow for forestry (spruce and beech stands) as the main land cover. Meteorological, hydrological, and geochemical data have been monitored since 1986. The first studies conducted were dedicated to the elucidation of acid rain effects on forest ecosystems and particularly on forest decline. Multidisciplinary research studies conducted on the Strengbach catchment enable exploration of the following issues: (i) hydrological functioning at the scale of a small catchment and questions regarding the evolution and preservation of the water resources in mountainous environments (stock, recharge, infiltration, and water pathways), (ii) exchange processes observed at the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum and in particular weathering processes and the evolution of soil mineral fertility (Ca, Mg, K, P), (iii) processes responsible for the export of water and for associated fluxes (dissolved chemicals, suspended materials, bed loads) and their dynamic at the outlet, and (iv) responses of the ecosystems to environmental disturbances (acid rain, forest management, and climate change) and their current and future modeling. University of Strasbourg), is well suited for addressing such issues owing to (i) a long-term dataset available for the area (from 1985;Probst et al., 1987), (ii) the availability of field equipment and monitoring devices, and (iii) numerous scientific studies that have been performed on the area. Research performed at this catchment, which is located in the Vosges Mountains in northeastern France, has focused on the evaluation of water and soil resources in relation to climatic changes (i.e., rainfall regimes and atmospheric chemistry trends) and anthropogenic patterns (e.g., forest management and acid precipitation) occurring in this moderate-altitude mountainous region.Usually, in this type of ecosystem, water is scarce and not evenly distributed, and stocks may rapidly vary over time. In addition, although wood production is an economically important activity in these regions, soil degradation (e.g., from acidification and nutrient depletion) modifies soil fertility features and thus affects the development of forests.The scientific objective of the OHGE is to develop a detailed understanding of water transport processes and of related chemical fluxes (including nutrients and contaminants) through the critical zone extending from the near atmosphere to the near subsurface. The main purposes of...

Twenty-five year record of chemicals in open field precipitation and throughfall from a medium-altitude forest catchment (Strengbach -NE France): an obvious response to atmospheric pollution trends. (2019) Atmospheric Environment, 202. (A. Probst).T 2 enhanced the capture of particles and water, accentuating the acidity of the deposition and leading to the intensification of acidification processes, nutrient leaching in soils and forest decline. In contrast, beech leaves were able to neutralize a portion of the atmospheric protons, which minimized and reduced the negative effects of acid rain. In addition, the throughfalls represented an important part of the biological cycle of trees for some elements such as K or N, as indicated by the contrasting patterns at year and long-term scales regarding the vegetation type. However, our study indicated that the influence of tree species might change over time with changes in atmospheric pollution, in precipitation regime, or in stand structure.This study outlined the importance of the long-term record of open field precipitation and throughfalls under various tree types to better evaluate the real inputs of elements to forest ecosystems and among them, essential mineral nutrients.