These results indicate that pannists suffer permanent auditory damage from high-intensity sound levels and that preventative measures are required to prevent this hearing loss, particularly in younger players.
This cross-sectional study documents the demographic features of asthmatics seeking acute asthma care at four institutions on the island of Trinidad from January 1 to December 31, 1997. More than 15,000 (15,035) different patients made 27,353 visits during the study period. Pediatric and adolescent male patients outnumbered females, but this was reversed in patients aged 20-69 years. Frequency of visits per patient ranged from 1 to 242. Significant variation in monthly admissions was observed; admission rates were highest in the last quarter of the year but were lowest in July and August. The overall crude prevalence rate was estimated at 1.71 per 100 (range 1.16-2.34).
Odontogenic cutaneous fistulas often lead to intense levels of patient discomfort and suffering. Due to its rarity and the absence of dental symptoms, a considerable number of patients are usually misdiagnosed which results in inappropriate management. This case report presents a 16-year-old patient with a 2-year history of a nonhealing, persistently discharging lesion in the left submandibular region of the neck. The patient underwent exploration of the left submandibular region, and a fistulous tract directed superomedially to the ipsilateral lower molar teeth was excised. A subsequent panoramic orthopantomogram performed one week postoperatively demonstrated radiolucency is the distal root of tooth 37. A final diagnosis of odontogenic cutaneous fistula was made, and the patient was referred to the Maxillofacial Department for treatment of the offending tooth.
The purpose of the present study was to describe patterns in weekly asthma visits to Accident and Emergency (A&E) facilities in Trinidad during 1997 and to examine associations with climatic conditions. A census of patients with asthma, defined as those who required bronchodilator nebulization, was taken at five A&E facilities in the Caribbean island of Trinidad from 1 January to 31 December 1997. Data on patients’ ages, gender and dates of visits were obtained from the A&E records. Climate variables, including rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, were obtained from the island’s meteorological office. There was a total of 27 848 asthma visits to the five facilities during 1997, of which the pediatric population (< 16 years) accounted for 43.7%. There were steady increases in adult and elderly visits from January to December. In the pediatric population, there was a decrease in visits from weeks 5–36 in the year, followed by a sharp increase during the next 3 weeks. This sharp increase coincided with the start of the academic school year in September after a 2 month break. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that pediatric visits to the A&E were positively associated with temperature and wind speed, while visits by adults were positively associated with temperature and relative humidity. There were no independent predictors of asthma visits in the elderly. The results show that there is an association between the climate and asthma visits in Trinidad. However, there is a need for further research to explain the increase in pediatric visits at the start of the school year as well as to elucidate the mechanisms for the observed associations between asthma visits and climate variables.
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