is a rare malignancy arising from the olfactory epithelium of the nasal vault. ENB accounts for 3% to 6% of all intranasal tumors and has the best prognosis among sinonasal malignancies with neuroendocrine differentiation. 1-3 The optimal treatment continues to be controversial, but the benefit of adjuvant therapy, particularly radiotherapy, has been well described in the literature. The largest reported series evaluated neoadjuvant radiotherapy of 50 Gy, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and found improved resectability with improved patient survival. 4 We present two cases of advanced ENB at our institution treated with a preoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy in a manner akin to that of small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Case Reports A review of patient charts and electronic records was conducted. Histopathologic slides were reviewed, and the diagnosis of high-grade esthesioneuroblastoma was confirmed. Complications of adjuvant therapy were scored using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. Case 1. A 38-year-old male patient presented with anosmia and nasal fullness. A nasal endoscopy with biopsies demonstrated ENB in the right nasopharynx, Hyams grade 3. 5 Figure 1 shows tumor cells positive for Synaptophysin immunohistochemical staining, at ϫ400 magnification. The staging work-up, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan, revealed the primary tumor involving bilateral cribriform plates, bilateral ethmoid sinuses, and right maxillary e358

BackgroundThe functioning of a protein relies on its location in the cell. Therefore, predicting protein subcellular localization is an important step towards protein function prediction. Recent studies have shown that relying on Gene Ontology (GO) for feature extraction can improve the prediction performance. However, for newly sequenced proteins, the GO is not available. Therefore, for these cases, the prediction performance of GO based methods degrade significantly.ResultsIn this study, we develop a method to effectively employ physicochemical and evolutionary-based information in the protein sequence. To do this, we propose segmentation based feature extraction method to explore potential discriminatory information based on physicochemical properties of the amino acids to tackle Gram-positive and Gram-negative subcellular localization. We explore our proposed feature extraction techniques using 10 attributes that have been experimentally selected among a wide range of physicochemical attributes. Finally by applying the Rotation Forest classification technique to our extracted features, we enhance Gram-positive and Gram-negative subcellular localization accuracies up to 3.4% better than previous studies which used GO for feature extraction.ConclusionBy proposing segmentation based feature extraction method to explore potential discriminatory information based on physicochemical properties of the amino acids as well as using Rotation Forest classification technique, we are able to enhance the Gram-positive and Gram-negative subcellular localization prediction accuracies, significantly.

These data provide useful information to guide the surgeon in avoiding middle vault collapse postoperatively and when evaluating those patients with presurgical middle vault concerns. With less ability to support the upper lateral cartilages, short nasal bones can predispose an individual to middle vault collapse postoperatively.