Background: Hair loss on the scalp and/or body due to Alopecia Areata (AA) is a frequent autoimmune, inflammatory, nonscarring form of baldness. Hair loss can occur in a variety of patterns, from thinning in discrete areas to a complete loss of hair from follicle. All treatments of AA are considered off-label. While these therapies may help stimulate hair growth, they are not considered curative because they cannot alter the disease's normal progression. Age, general health, and the severity of hair loss all play a role in determining the best course of therapy. Objective: Assessment of current treatment modalities of alopecia areata. Methods: Treatment, and alopecia areata were all looked for in PubMed, Google scholar, and Science direct. References from relevant literature were also evaluated by the authors, but only the most recent or complete study from September 2007 to May 2021 was included. Due to the lack of sources for translation, documents in languages other than English have been ruled out. Papers that did not fall under the purview of major scientific investigations, such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations, were omitted. Conclusion: Because of their low risk of adverse effects and simple administration, topical corticosteroids of varying strengths are often the first line of defense in the treatment of AA in children. In more advanced cases of AA, systemic therapies are performed. Most of these drugs work by modulating or suppressing the immune system.
Background: Chemerin is a novel adipokine that has been found to function in both autocrine and paracrine pathways. It draws in both innate and adaptive immune cells as a chemoattractant. There are several roles for this pro-inflammatory chemokine. Also called retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RAR2) and tazarotene-induced gene 2 (TIG2). The protein chemerin is involved in a variety of processes, including metabolism, inflammation, and adipogenesis, as well as vascular dysregulation. Chemerin was evaluated among different inflammatory skin diseases and showed significant correlations. Objective: Review of the biological role of chemerin in inflammatory skin disease. Methods: We looked for data on Chemerin, Biological role and Inflammatory skin disease in medical journals and databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. However, only the most recent or extensive study was taken into account between February 2015 and January 2023. References from related works were also evaluated by the authors. There are not enough resources to translate documents into languages other than English, hence those documents have been ignored. It was generally agreed that documents such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations did not qualify as legitimate scientific study. Conclusion: Psoriatic individuals had increased chemerin levels in their skin biopsies. Also serum chemerin levels were found to increase with acne vulgaris disease severity. Recent research has found a correlation between obesity and atopic dermatitis, an inflammatory skin condition. Adipokines can be used as a marker for the degree to which eczema is present.
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