Nanosized materials of gadolinium oxide can provide high-contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this research was to characterize a novel emulsion composed of a silicon-based nanocomposite polymer (NCP) and gadolinium (III) oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles. The size and morphological structure of this nanoparticle are determined by particle size analysis device (zeta sizer) and transmission electronic microscope. We determined composition of Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and magnetic resonance signal by T₁-weighted MRI. Cytotoxicity of Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles in SK-MEL-3 cancer cells was evaluated. Zeta sizer showed Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles to be 75 nm in size. EDXA indicated the two main chemical components of gadolinium-nanocomposite polymer emulsion: gadolinium and silicon and MRI also showed a significantly higher incremental relaxivity for Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles compared to Magnevist (conventional contrast agent). In such concentrations, the slope of R₁ relaxivity (1/T₁) vs. concentration curve of Magnevist and Gd₂O₃ were 4.33, 7.98 s⁻¹ mM⁻¹. The slope of R₂ relaxivity (1/T₂) vs. concentration curve of Magnevist and Gd₂O₃ were 5.06, 13.75 s⁻¹ mM⁻¹. No appreciable toxicity was observed with Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles. Gadolinium-nanocomposite polymer emulsion is well characterized and has potential as a useful contrast agent for magnetic resonance molecular imaging.
Objective: The aim of this study was performing the properties evaluation of two novel emulsions composed of a) silicon‐based nanocomposite polymer(NCP) and b) Diethylene glycol (DEG) based coating material both loaded with gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles. The contrast enhancement evaluation of Gd loaded nanoparticles in comparison with Magnevist(Gd‐DTPA), indicated that gadolinium‐nanocomposite polymer emulsions(Gd‐NCPE&Gd‐DEG) could produce a good MR signal and therefore could be useful potential contrast mediums for cell tracking in magnetic resonance molecular imaging(MRMI). Materials and Methods: This study was involved with nanoparticles composed gadolinium (III) oxide (Gd2O3), a) emulsified with a silicon‐based nanocomposite polymer, POSS‐PCU (Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane) and b) capped with Diethylene glycol (DEG) by polyol method starting from of Gd2O3 large particles, leading to Gd2O3 nano size capping with polymers. The size and morphological structure of these nanoparticles determined by particle size analyzer(zeta sizer) and Transmission Electronic Microscope(TEM). Proton relaxation times were measured with a 1.5‐T MRI siemense scanner. The measurements were performed in aqueous solution. Results: The results showed a significantly higher incremental relaxivity for Gd2O3 nanoparticles compared to Gd‐DTPA in concentrations ⩽1.5mM. In such concentrations, the slope of r1 relaxivity(1/T1) vs. concentration curve of Gd‐DTPA and Gd2O3 were 4.33, 7.98 s−1 mM−1. The slope of r2 relaxivity(1/T2) vs. concentration curve of Gd‐DTPA and Gd2O3 were 5.06, 13.75 s−1 mM−1. Conclusion: The study indicates the possibility of obtaining high relaxivity compared to Gd‐DTPA using Gd2O3 as contrast agent. Keywords: Gd2O3 Nanoparticle, nanocomposite polymer, MRI Contrast Agents, Relaxivity.
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