The present review surveys the broad chemical aspects of azines, since they have not previously been done in any detail.

The acid functionalized SSi-GO was used as a highly active, selective and reusable catalyst to improve the formation of pyrimidinones.

An efficient four-component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles is described by one-step condensation of an aldehyde, benzil, ammonium acetate and primary aromatic amine with nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate in ethanol under ultrasonic irradiation. High yields, short reaction times, mild conditions, simplicity of operation and easy work-up are some advantages of this protocol.

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