The data highlight the importance of thrombophilia screening in patients with RPL.

We investigated polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE ) and coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) genes and their association with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in Iranian patients and normal healthy controls. Ten (18.5%) patients were homozygote (4G/4G) for PAI-1 polymorphism, in contrast with two (2%) controls (p = 0.001). Patients with homozygote 4G mutation were significantly more prone to RSA in contrast to others (odds ratio: 11.0, 95% CI: 2.3-52.4). Nineteen (30.2%) patients and 25 (26.6%) controls were homozygote (DD) for ACE polymorphism. We observed only two patients and one control with homozygosity (34leu) for FXIII polymorphism. 4G/4G polymorphism for PAI-1 gene could be a thrombophilic mutation leading to abortion in Iranian population.

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin polyphenol, has antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The present study has assessed the effect of resveratrol treatment on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from women with and without endometriosis. Endometrial tissues were obtained from 40 endometriotic patients and 15 nonendometriotic control women. After the enzymatic digestion, 13 eutopic ESCs (EuESCs), 8 ectopic ESCs (EESCs), and 11 control ESCs (CESCs) were treated with resveratrol (100 μM) for 6, 24, and 48 hr. The gene and protein expressions of IGF-1 and HGF were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively.Results showed that resveratrol treatment decreased significantly the gene expression of IGF-1 and HGF in EuESCs, EESCs, and CESCs (p < 0.05). The effect of resveratrol treatment on the reduction of IGF-1 gene expression was statistically more noticeable in EESCs compared with CESCs (p < 0.05). Also, in the case of HGF gene expression, the reducing effect of resveratrol treatment was statistically more considerable in EESCs compared with EuESCs and CESCs (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The IGF-1 and HGF protein production decreased significantly in EuESCs and EESCs (p < 0.05) but not in CESCs. These findings suggest that resveratrol treatment could reduce the expression of IGF-1 and HGF in ESCs especially in EESCs, which play a pivotal role in disease progression.