The current study was designed to investigate the effect of solvents on chemical composition and antidiabetic activity of Zizyphus mauritiana and Acacia Arabica extracts. Total five solvents were used for this purpose (100% methanol, 50% aqueous methanol, 100% ethanol, 50% aqueous ethanol and aqueous). The data obtained from the investigation was subjected to the statistical analysis by using analysis of variance technique. The present study revealed that maximum antioxidant activity was attributed to Acacia arabica (96.53 ± 0.46%) followed by Zizyphus mauritiana (94.33 ± 0.52% by 50% aqueous ethanol extracts). Maximum total phenolic content of both Zizyphus mauritiana and Acacia arabica (670.83 ± 1.46 mg GAE/100g and 934.34 ± 0.89 mg GAE/100g) were shown by 50% aqueous ethanol extracts while maximum total flavonoid content (146.36 ± 0.81 mg QE/100 g, 172.52 ± 0.99 mg QE/100 g) was exhibited by 50% aqueous ethanol extract. The maximum (IC 50= 49.63 ± 0.12 µg/mL) antidiabetic activity was found in aqueous extract of Acacia arabica while in Zizyphus mauritiana the aqueous extract indicated excellent (IC 50= 46.90 ± 0.23 µg/mL) antidiabetic activity.
Most of the people think that weeds are not useful, so they should be eradicated in any case. However weeds have numerous secondary metabolites of medical utility. These secondary metabolites serve as a treatment for many psychological, physical and pharmacological disorders of human body. The essential oils (EOs) extracted from weeds could be utilized as aromatherapy to cure several ailments. This review highlights the role of EOs in aromatherapy, health benefits of aromatherapy by essence or EOs of weeds, methods to extract aroma or EOs, their mode of action, quality and storage issues of EOs, scope and future trends in aromatherapy.
Weeds could replace the cultivated fodders in case of fodder shortage. But most of farmers are not aware about the potential of traditional weeds in croplands. Thus, an experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional quality of some forage weeds with respect to their phonological development. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically by analysis of variance technique and means of treatments were compared by least significant difference test. Qualitative traits of selected weeds were determined through the methods developed by The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that the quantitative traits of weeds differ from each other. It was found that the moisture decreased from vegetative (86.13-90.92%) to post reproductive stage (86.77-73.56%) and crude protein decreased from vegetative (16.95-23.40%) to post reproductive stage (11.52-15.09%) in all weeds. Similarly ash contents decreased from vegetative (13.72-23.40%) to post reproductive stage (9.26-13.11%) in all weeds. The crude fats were nearly similar in all stages (1.75-2.00%). Dry matter and crude fiber increased (9.08-13.87 to 13.23-26.44% and 9.86-21.95 to 21.58-31.63%, respectively) from vegetative to post reproductive stage. Overall results declared that the biomass produced by weeds was a luxurious source for livestock production during the vegetative stage of growth as the nutritional quality decreased from vegetative to post reproductive stages. Further research is needed to explore the forage quality of all common weeds present in croplands.
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