Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetic neuropathy affects sensory, autonomic, and motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system so that nearly every type of nerve fiber in the body is vulnerable.Objectives: Evaluation of variation in motor functions and postural sway in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and comparing the results with those obtained from the control group. This will help in rehabilitation programs for diabetic patients to avoid postural instability and risk of falling.Methodology: Forty patients with the diagnosis of type 2 DM (group 1) participated in this study and twenty subjects who had no diagnosis of type 2 DM were evaluated as a control group (group 2). Blood glucose level of patients was measured then they referred to audiovestibular assessment. Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) was done in the form of motor control test and functional limitation assessment; Tandem walk.Results: Findings showed a statistically significant difference between the study group and control group as regards response latency, speed of the forward progression and endpoint sway velocity. A statistically significant correlation was found between response latency and speed of the forward progression with FBS level in the study group.Conclusions: Speed of the forward progression was less, however response latency and endpoint sway velocity were more in diabetic patients in comparison with normal subjects. Response latency and speed of the forward progression showed a statistically significant correlation with FBS level in diabetic patients.
Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties in performing various motor tasks such as walking, writing and speaking, together with significant balance dysfunction. Despite gains made in the field of pharmacotherapy and deep brain stimulation, dopaminergic medications may produce a limited improvement in postural stability. Sustained improvement in motor skills can be achieved through physiotherapy.Aim of the work: To measure the effect of different modes of therapy in controlling vestibular and/or balance dysfunction in patients with PD.Methodology: This study was conducted on 20 patients suffering from definite PD, subdivided into two subgroups according to the mode of therapy they followed. Subgroup I received medical treatment and physiotherapy, while subgroup II received medical treatment only. The control group consisted of 10 age-and sex-matched normal subjects. All participants were evaluated using videonystagmography (VNG), Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) including sensory impairment, automatic motor and voluntary motor assessment. In addition, patients were evaluated using functional limitation tests and were asked to fill the Freezing of Gait (FOG) questionnaire.Results: This research documents vestibular as well as balance dysfunction in patients with PD. Central vestibular disorders were more common than peripheral ones. The most prevalent balance abnormality was encountered in the sensory organization subtest, though patients showed significant affection in other domains; namely, autonomic motor, voluntary motor and functional limitation. In general, patients receiving both medication and physiotherapy showed better vestibular and balance function than those receiving medication only, and approached the normal values in many test parameters.Conclusions: Since patients with PD receiving physiotherapy in conjunction with medical treatment showed better control of their vestibular and balance functions, efforts should be directed to
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