An efficient and retrievable copper(I) catalyst was synthesized by immobilizing of copper iodide on 3‐thionicotinyl‐urea‐modified magnetic nanoparticles and characterized using a variety of analysis techniques. The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles was investigated in the one‐pot three‐component reaction of aryl halides, sodium azide, and terminal alkynes using choline chloride/PEG deep eutectic mixture as a green and recoverable solvent. The PEGylated deep eutectic solvent (DES), due to its favorable polarity and solubility, can make an effective association of polar and non‐polar reactants during the reaction, thereby accelerating the catalysis process. An array of 1‐aryl 1,2,3‐triazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalyst system can be readily recovered and reused at least five times with no appreciable loss of its activity.
In the current research, a green, robust, and economical metal oxide-based nanocatalyst has been developed by functionalization of coconut shell-derived mesoporous activated carbon with magnetically separable amino acid and subsequent decoration with Cu 2 O nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @L-arginine-ACÀ Cu 2 O). This magnetic nanostructure was analyzed by different techniques including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX/MAP, XRD, TEM, TGA, VSM, BET, and ICP-OES. The catalytic efficiency of the nanoparticles was studied in Ullmann N-arylation reaction of some N-heterocycle compounds including indole, imidazole, and pyrrole with various aryl halides in choline chloride/ glycerol (1 : 2), which is a green and biomass-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). The reaction proceeded smoothly and the desired N-arylation products were obtained in good to excellent yields (75-96 %). Notably, the magnetic porous nanocatalyst can be easily separated and reused at least six times without a notable decrease in its performance. The solvent is also able to recover, thereby increasing the attractiveness of this approach. In other words, this approach can serve to significantly expand the scope of the CÀ N coupling products for their applications in further studies.
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