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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignant vascular tumor, caused by the human herpesvirus 8. It is one of the commonest tumors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and not uncommonly the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Case. We present a case of an isolated bulbar conjunctival KS on a 43-year-old HIV positive male, with no other lesions. Excision and cryotherapy were performed, and the patient remains free of lesions to date. Conclusion. Isolated bulbar conjunctival KP is an unusual site for its initial presentation and must be kept in mind in HIV positive patients.

Background Understanding how strabismus impacts a child’s quality of life, as well as their families, should be an important key to guide treatment, not only from the ophthalmological point of view but also regarding psychological and social aspects, which are fundamental for a healthy and harmonious development. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the functional vision and eye-related quality of life (ER-QOL) in a population of children with strabismus submitted or not to corrective surgery, using the recently developed Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ) and to compare with age and gender-matched visually normal children. The PedEyeQ was applied to non-operated children with strabismus (n = 18), operated children with strabismus (n = 24), and visually normal children (n = 21). This instrument is composed of 3 components (Child, Proxy, and Parent) and has different versions according to the child’s age (0–4, 5–11, or 12–17 years-old versions). Clinical data such as age, type of strabismus, angle of deviation, amblyopia, occlusion treatment, and surgical outcome were also recorded. Results All PedEyeQ domain scores were significantly lower in children with strabismus compared with visually normal children, except the Child “functional vision” domain. Children with strabismus with successful corrective surgery had significantly lower scores in many domains of the Child, Proxy, and Parent components, compared with visually normal children. Conclusion This study showed that strabismus has an important impact on affected children and their families, as assessed by PedEyeQ. Interestingly, children with prior successful corrective strabismus surgery had worse PedEyeQ scores compared to visually normal children. Educational programs and psychosocial rehabilitation interventions should be implemented in children with strabismus and their families.

Purpose: To compare the retinal vasculature characteristics between eyes of patients with and without phacomatosis. Methods: Case–control observational study with retinal vasculature evaluation by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography of the macula and disk. Results: The study included 80 eyes. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 patients presented with a higher central macular thickness (P = 0.007), a lower optical disk nervous fiber layer (P = 0.006), a lower perimeter, area, and circularity of the foveal avascular zone (P < 0.05), a higher vascular density of macular avascular layer (AMVD) (P = 0.004), and a lower papillary vascular density of superficial capillary plexus (SPVD) (P = 0.048). Patients with tuberous sclerosis presented with an increase in central macular thickness (P = 0.024) and in vascular densities (P < 0.05) [except for macular vascular density of deep capillary plexus (PMVD), AMVD, and SPVD]. Patients with Sturge–Weber syndrome showed a decrease in optical disk nervous fiber layer (P < 0.001), subfoveal choroid thickness (P = 0.011), macular vascular density of superficial capillary plexus (SMVD) (P = 0.036), and SPVD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Phacomatosis patients showed statistically significant differences of retinal vasculature characteristics, compared to eyes without pathology. Further studies are needed to determine when and if these parameters change with the course of the disease and if they can be used as biomarkers for disease severity or progression.

Purpose Amblyopia is a leading cause of preventable and treatable vision loss in the pediatric population. Instrument-based screening of amblyopia-risk factors is being widely adopted but the audit of its results is still lacking. We sought to review the existing evidence regarding the outcomes of photoscreening applied to children under the age of three years. Methods A three-database search (Pubmed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus) was performed from inception to March 2021. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to summarize the referral rate, untestable rate and positive predictive value (PPV). Results Thirteen studies were selected among 705 original abstracts. The quantitative analysis included twelve studies enrolling 64,041 children. Of these, 13% (95%CI: 7–19%) were referred for further confirmation of the screening result. Astigmatism was the most common diagnosis both after screening and after ophthalmologic assessment of referred children. The pooled untestable rate and PPV were 8% (95%CI: 3–15%) and 56% (95%CI: 40–71%), respectively. Conclusion There is no global consensus on the optimal age, frequency or what magnitude of refractive error must be considered an amblyopia-risk factor. Optimization of referral criteria is therefore warranted.

Resumo A necessidade de construir de forma eficiente, com prazos curtos e com menos custos, é uma das características para as construtoras sobreviverem num mercado cada vez mais competitivo. Devido à importância da logística na organização, o presente artigo tem como objetivo entender como os mecanismos das variáveis relacionadas à logística afetam o funcionamento de uma organização e impactam a estratégia das empresas de construção. Para tanto foi desenvolvido um estudo aplicado, descritivo, de natureza quantitativa e tempo transversal. Como procedimento principal foi escolhido o método Survey com análise de correlação entre as variáveis com base no Método da Matriz de Impacto Cruzado - Multiplicação Aplicada a uma Classificação (Micmac). Os resultados mostraram que as organizações têm predisposição a contratos de parcerias, com busca de informações junto aos fornecedores e frequentes ações conjuntas para a redução dos prazos de execução. Também procuram ter uma relação mais próxima com os clientes. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam ainda que a logística tem pouca influência na dinâmica do sistema e que as variáveis estratégicas se destacam como um papel importante no processo de desenvolvimento da empresa.

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Background. Cogan's syndrome is a rare clinical entity whose etiopathology is still unknown, and the treatment strategies are not clearly defined. Case. A 23-year-old male presented with symptoms of headache, peripheral facial palsy, persistent right hearing loss and bilateral papillitis. Workup excluded all infectious, granulomatous, neoplastic, and immune causes. The diagnosis of atypical Cogan's syndrome was established, and the patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and later on with cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. There were improvement of visual symptoms and stabilisation of left hearing. Conclusion. Cogan's syndrome is a very rare disease with no specific biological tests for the diagnosis. The diagnostic exams are mostly important to exclude other etiologies. The atypical ocular and audiovestibular manifestations make the diagnosis difficult, delaying the institution of appropriate therapy which may result in profound bilateral deafness.