The main objective of this article is to define the gaps which make more difficult the access and the appropriate use of ICT in Chilean SME's in livestock sector. In order to reach this objective, it were surveyed 151 managers of SME's in dairy sector, located in the Región de los Ríos and Región de los Lagos, Chile (provinces of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue). The data compiled were processed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. They yielded the following results: a) the lack of training was the main gap registered to access to ICT within the companies analyzed, b) poor access to specific software is another of the gaps most important, and c) half of the managers surveyed had an unfavorable attitude to the constant updating of ICT in their companies. Finally, we recommend a policy that aims, in addition to the basic and specific equipment access, ICT training within the different occupational levels of the SME's.
<p>Informal economy is particularly prevalent in small-scale farming, yet little attention has been paid to it so far. This article aims to contribute to a further understanding of this phenomenon. A survey of family farmers located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, was conducted. The data collected were processed using descriptive and multivariate techniques, factor and cluster analysis. Results show that farmers perceive formalization as a complex process which entails unpleasant obligations, and that they do not consider it necessary. There are some distinctions, however, that allow two clusters to be identified: “Favorable” (18.82 %) and “Reluctant” (81.18 %).</p>
RESUMENLa Región Metropolitana de Santiago contiene importantes núcleos de producción agrícola en manos en gran medida de micro y pequeños empresarios, beneficiarios en muchos casos de políticas de fomento. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es caracterizar a dichos productores. Para ello se encuestó a 78 productores distribuidos en 6 comunas del área suroriental de la Región, usuarios del Programa de Desarrollo Local (Prodesal) del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario de Chile (Indap). Entre los resultados alcanzados destacan los siguientes: i) el porcentaje de mujeres usuarias fue mayor al de hombres en 23%, ii) el promedio de edad fue de 57 años, iii) los niveles de educación mayoritarios fueron enseñanza básica (41%) o media (32%), iv) además de los huertos hortofrutícolas, destacaron entre los rubros más frecuentes las flores y plantas ornamentales, así como la obtención de miel, v) 65,4% de los encuestados no utilizaba sistemas de producción mecanizados, el 70,5% no realizaba procesamientos productivos, el mismo porcentaje no llevaba registro de sus operaciones económicas, 64,1% tampoco de las no económicas y 87,2% no usaba sistemas computacionales; no obstante, 69,2% afirmaba evaluar y planificar sus actividades cada año, vi) el 73,1% no había participado en ningún otro tipo de programa público en los cuatro años anteriores, vii) la mayor parte de los encuestados no participaba en grupos técnico-productivos (84,6%) o asociaciones de comercialización (89,7%). A partir de los resultados señalados se puede concluir que, al menos en el caso de estudio, en la ejecución de Prodesal sería importante priorizar el apoyo para la mejora no solo en aspectos técnico-productivos, sino también en aquellos relacionados con la gestión, el uso y acceso a TIC, la información acerca de beneficios públicos disponibles y el fomento de la asociatividad.Palabras clave: desarrollo local, pequeña agricultura, Región Metropolitana, Chile. ABSTRACT The Metropolitan Region of Santiago has a number of important agricultural production centers, largely in the hands
Environmental and social crises in agriculture have led to growing recognition that more ecologically sustainable and socially just food and agricultural systems are needed. This thematic number of the International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources gathers the papers submitted to the workshop “Challenges for agroecology development for the building of sustainable agri-food systems,” an OECD Co-operative Research Programme-sponsored conference. The aim of the workshop was to promote the transition from conventional agriculture towards agroecology as a science, practice and social movement through sharing the experiences of different OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United States. The main topics discussed at the workshop included i) agroecology development in OECD countries: local experiences and international collaboration; ii) agroecology as a social movement and related public policies; iii) agroecology education to promote sustainable agri-food systems; and iv) science, innovation and technologies in agroecological systems. While not a comprehensive assessment of the state of agroecology in OECD countries, this thematic number integrates diverse perspectives on some main research and policy advances and uncovers some existing gaps in agroecology practice as an approach for transitioning towards ecologically sustainable and socially just agricultural systems
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