The present study aimed to examine the role of daily emotional processes in the relationship between countertransference (CT) management and emotional well-being in novice school counselors. We collected data for 7 consecutive days from 305 novice school counselors in South Korea. Multilevel mediation analyses revealed that novice school counselors with low CT management ability were less likely to be aware of their emotions, increasing their daily emotional exhaustion. In contrast, novice school counselors with a high level of CT management ability were more likely to engage in daily decentering and, in turn, were less likely to experience daily emotional exhaustion. Although emotional inhibition (lack of emotional awareness) significantly exacerbated emotional exhaustion over time, decentering was not related to emotional exhaustion over time. The practical and theoretical implications of this study are discussed.

Membrane-based treatment technologies have been introduced as a promising tool for the removal of water-borne pathogens. To ensure successful application of membrane processes, the integrity of the membrane system should be maintained. Related with evaluation of the membrane integrity, USEPA guidance recommends pressure-based membrane integrity (MIT). Based on the bubble point theory, the ability of detecting smallest integrity breakage during the MIT is defined as "Resolution". However, the response to remarkably small breach demands significantly high initial test pressure of the pressure decay test. In this study, the surface tension of the test liquid was controlled to improve the resolution without increasing the corresponding test pressure. Three common chemicals were chosen to control the solution surface tension. It is concluded that 0.1 M of the citric acid can decrease the initial test pressure significantly for the same pore size. Subsequently, the improvement of the resolution with controlled surface tension was confirmed by the results of pressure decay test and marker test.

No abstract

One of the practical means for waterworks to compete with each other for efficient operation is implementing an evaluation program. The evaluation program, coinciding with public notification, was prepared and implemented as a trial in Korea in 2003. However, several unexpected issues arose during the implementation. The evaluation scheme has been revised and described in this paper. The water quality might better be used as a qualification barrier for the further evaluation process. It may also be reasonable to consider that the evaluation team might visit on a very exceptional day for the plant, therefore it might be better to let the evaluation team have enough time to assess plants more extensively. The collateral case study reports should be used as a manual to maintain consistency between the evaluation teams. Although the case study took place in Korea, the revised principles from this experience may be beneficial to other countries.