Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a benign chronic inflammatory condition of the breast, the etiology of which has not been identified yet; it mimics two common breast disorders: breast carcinoma and tuberculous mastitis. Hence, this clinical entity poses difficulties in the diagnostic work-up. As clinical presentation and imaging findings often simulate other infectious and neoplastic etiologies, an accurate and early diagnosis is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis. Clear guidelines have yet to be established regarding treatment. In this report, we describe a case in which a patient presented with a painful breast mass and was diagnosed with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis after histological evaluation. We managed this patient with a combination of surgical excision and, subsequently, a course of antibiotics and steroids. To conclude, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis must be considered a possible differential while treating a patient with a lump in the breast tissue.
The major objective of the study was to analyze the social classroom environment of secondary schools in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This study was descriptive by nature, and a survey was conducted to collect the data. This study was delimited to the government female school teachers. The population of the study was all the teachers of Government Secondary schools of District Kotli. The researcher selected 204 through a simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was developed for teachers to find out about the social environment of the classrooms. Data were collected personally by the second co-author of this study after testing its reliability and validity from the study sample. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software in terms of mean and standard deviation. Teachers play a vital role in the classrooms through their support, promoting mutual respect, promoting tasks, and cooperation with students in the classes to develop a learning environment.
The objective of the study was to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and the decision-making of secondary school principals. The current study was descriptive and quantitative in nature, and a survey method was applied to collect the data.All the secondary school principals working in District Haveli and Punch were the population of the study. The instrument used was a self-developed questionnaire to collect the data. The questionnaire was used comprising of three parts. Part A of the questionnaire was used for demographic data, part B was used to measure emotional intelligence, and Part C of the questionnaire was utilized to measure the decision-making styles. The researcher collected data from all secondary school principals of both districts, District Haveli and District Bagh, including private and public school principals, using a universal sampling technique. Data were analyzed through SPSS by using Pearson's correlation analysis. It is inferred that a significant and strong positive relationship exists between emotional intelligence and decision-making styles of principals.
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