Hydatid disease is one of the most complicated and devastating conditions caused by Echinococcus granulosus . This globally distributed disease continues to be an important public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries. The liver and the lungs are the most frequently involved sites, but virtually any organ system can be affected. Osseous hydatidosis is relatively less common, but it is extremely debilitating and difficult to manage due to frequent recurrences. Patients often demonstrate a delayed clinical presentation as bone involvement is predominantly a silent and slowly progressive disease with a long latent period. Radiological investigations play an important role in the diagnosis. Although standard therapeutic guidelines are not available, the treatment of choice is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. Clinicians should perform a lifelong follow-up for early detection of potential recurrence and sequels. This paper aims to highlight hydatid disease of the pelvic bone as an important differential diagnosis of tubercular hip arthritis, especially in areas with high echinococcosis prevalence.

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. Although this organism rarely causes infection, prompt diagnosis is crucial for survival of these patients. Several unusual clinical presentations of this infection have been reported in the published medical literature. The present report represents the first case of C. canimorsus-related sepsis presenting with symptoms of acute abdomen in a patient with no known history of immunodeficiency. Prompt aggressive care and appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted in a successful clinical outcome with no long-term morbidity. This paper illustrates that clinicians should include this infectious aetiology among the differentials of patients presenting with acute abdomen, regardless of their immune status. Additionally, this paper outlines our current understanding of the epidemiology of and risk factors for C. canimorsus-associated sepsis, the pathophysiology of this disorder, and currently available approaches to diagnosis and management.

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New era ciphers employ substitution boxes (S-boxes) which assist in the provision of security for the plaintext in the encryption phase and transforming the ciphertext on the receiver side into original plaintext in the decryption phase. The overall security of a given cipher engaging an S-box greatly depends on the cryptographic forte of the respective S-box. Consequently, many researchers have used different innovative approaches to construct robust S-Boxes. In this article, an innovative and modest square polynomial transformation, the very first time, along with a novel affine transformation and a pioneering permutation approach to construct dynamic S-boxes is proposed. The proposed method has the capability to erect a huge number of robust S-boxes by applying minute changes in the parameters of transformation and permutation processes. An example S-Box is generated, and its recital analysis has been done using typical criteria including bijectivity, strict avalanche criterion, nonlinearity, bit independence criterion, linear probability, differential probability, and fixed-point analysis to check its cryptographic forte. This performance of the proposed S-box is placed side by side against state-of-the-art S-boxes to prove its strength. The performance and comparative analyses authenticate that the projected S-box possesses the true competence for its application in modern-day ciphers.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare clinical entity that typically presents with psychiatric disturbances and neurological deficits. It is commonly associated with ovarian teratomas. Although these patients demonstrate a predilection to develop cardiac arrhythmias, such complications are frequently self-limited. We chronicle here a unique case of a young woman with adnexal teratoma who experienced a tonic-clonic seizure and cardiac arrest. Electrocardiogram showed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, consistent with torsade de pointes. Based on extensive diagnostic workup and exclusion of probable etiologies, she was diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis complicated by ictal torsades de pointes, leading to cardiac arrest. This paper illustrates that patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis can develop life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmia and cardiac arrest, requiring urgent management. Clinicians should be vigilant for severe autonomic dysfunction as prompt etiology establishment is of paramount importance in these patients.

Epiploic appendagitis (EA) is a rare and often misdiagnosed cause of acute abdominal pain. It is a benign and self-limited condition but mimics other underlying causes of acute abdominal pain like acute diverticulitis, acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, etc. Inaccurate diagnosis can lead to iatrogenic adverse outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, the present report represents the first case of bilateral EA involving both cecum and descending colon. The patient presented with symptoms of bilateral iliac fossa pain. Conservative management and close outpatient follow up resulted in a successful clinical outcome with no recurrence of symptoms. This article illustrates that clinicians and radiologists should include this etiology among differential diagnoses of patients presenting with acute abdominal pain, as it might prevent unnecessary hospitalizations, antibiotic therapy, and unwarranted surgical interventions.

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