Local anesthesia forms the backbone of pain control techniques and is necessary for a painless dental procedure. Nevertheless, administering a local anesthetic injection is among the most anxiety-provoking procedures to children. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of different distraction techniques (passive, active, and passive-active) on children's pain perception during local anesthesia administration. A total of 90 children aged four to nine years, requiring inferior alveolar nerve block for primary molar extraction, were included in this study and randomly divided into three groups according to the distraction technique employed during local anesthesia administration. Passive distraction group: the children were instructed to listen to a song on headphones; Active distraction group: the children were instructed to move their legs up and down alternatively; and Passive-active distraction group: this was a combination between both techniques. Pain perception during local anesthesia administration was evaluated by the Sounds, Eyes, and Motor (SEM) scale and Wong Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale. There was an insignificant difference between the three groups for SEM scale and Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale at P = 0.743 and P = 0.112 respectively. The examined distraction techniques showed comparable results in reducing pain perception during local anesthesia administration.
All tested children's drinks caused clinically unacceptable color changes of the tested resin dental composites. Immersion in chocolate milk and orange fizzy led to the highest color changes in the tested resin dental composites.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative pain of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and propolis after pulpotomy in carious lower primary molars. Methodology: 28 Healthy children aging 5-8 years old with at least one carious primary molar at each side. Each child received MTA in right or left side and Propolis in the other side. Clinical follow up was done at 3, 6, and 9 months. Radiographic follow up was done at 6 and 9 months. Results: All cases were free of pain along the follow up period except one case in propolis group showed pain after 6 months then disappeared at 9 months. Sinus tract appeared in 3.85% in propolis group at 6 months and 4% in both groups at 9 months. Regarding periapical radiolucency, in MTA group, 3 cases (11.54%) were affected after 6 months and 4 cases (16%) after 9 months. In propolis, 4 (15.38%) of cases were affected after 6 months, and 6 (24%) of cases after 9 months. Furcation Involvement, appeared in MTA group, in 2 (7.69%) cases were affected after 6 months. While in propolis group, 6 (23.08%) cases were affected after 6 months. Conclusions: The clinical outcome of propolis is comparable to that of MTA at both 6 and 9 months follow up period. On the other hand, MTA showed better results in all radiographic outcomes when compared to propolis.
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