Background: Patient safety has become an area of interest in many countries. One of the most important types of patient safety is pressure ulcers that constitute an important sanitary problem that daily affects the patients and the health care systems. Several studies have indicated that nurses' knowledge, perception and practices about pressure ulcer (PU) prevention are inadequate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess nurses' knowledge, perception and practices regarding pressure ulcer at the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Mansoura Emergency Hospital. Material and Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was used to conduct this study on fifty nurses who involved in providing direct care for critically ill patients in Mansoura Emergency Hospital. Three tools were used for data collection: knowledge questionnaire, perception questionnaire and observation checklist. Results: the findings showed that three quarters of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge, perception and practice regarding pressure ulcer prevention. Positive correlation was found between nurses' knowledge and perception (r=.417 , p=.003). In contrast no correlation existed between nurses' knowledge and practices (r=-.059, p= .682). Conclusion: there is need for continuing education to upgrade nurses' knowledge, increase their perception and improve their practices regarding pressure ulcer prevention. Recommendations: enrichment of nurses' knowledge, perception and practices related to pressure ulcer prevention to be the cornerstone in care of critically ill patients. As well, replication of this study on large probability sample.

Background: End stage renal disease affects all aspects of life of the patients and their caregivers. Caregivers receive little support than patients for that, coping strategies are important to solve difficult situation and cope with burden. Aim: Assess caregiving burden and coping strategies of caregivers caring for elderly with end stage renal disease. Design: A descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at hemodialysis unit in Mansoura University Hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample of 150 caregivers who met the inclusion criteria. Tools: Three tools were utilized in this study; Structured interview schedule, Zarit burden interview and Jaloweic coping scale. Results: 44.0% of the studied caregivers had moderate level of burden. The mean of affective oriented coping strategies was 25.49 ±7.77 while, the mean of problem oriented coping strategies was 25.42 ± 8.30.There was negative significant correlation between caregiver burden and using of affective oriented and problem oriented coping strategies (p=0.01 * & p=0.004 * respectively). Conclusion: The caregivers' burden is common among family caregivers who care for elderly patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Caregivers have been found to be using affective oriented coping strategies more than problem oriented coping strategies.

Background: The population of elderly patients is growing with increasing prevalence of cancer diagnoses and cancerrelated pain syndromes. Cancer pain occur at any time in the disease's progression. It is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon that need proper assessment, management and evaluation based on current nursing knowledge and practices. Despite the fact that developing adequate pain control is a top priority for cancer patients. Many barriers to undertreatment exist among professionals, which might have an impact on successful pain management. Aim: to assess nurses' attitude, practices, and barriers towards pain management of elderly patients with cancer. Method: In this study. a descriptive correlational research design was used. The study was carried out at medical, surgical, and hematological departments in Oncology Center Mansoura University. A convenience sample of 122 nurses was used in this study. 4 tools were used to collect data.: Nurses' structured interview schedule, nurses' attitude toward pain management interview schedule, nurses' practices interview schedule regarding cancer pain management and nurses' barriers for cancer pain management interview schedule. Results: majority of studied nurses (82.8%) had positive attitude toward pain management, 91% of them had poor practice regarding cancer pain management and 60.7% of studied nurses had little barrier toward pain management of elderly patients with cancer. Conclusion: Nurses' have positive attitude and poor practices regarding pain management of elderly patients with cancer. The main barriers to effective cancer pain management were inadequate knowledge about pain management and opioids. Recommendation: developing standard guidelines for pain management for oncology hospital staff nurses.

Background: obstructive sleep apnea is a chronic and highly prevalent disorder that is considered to be a true public health problem. The sleep disturbance pattern related to obstructive sleep apnea negatively influences the stress system and hence increases the vulnerability of obstructive sleep apnea patients to anxiety and depression. Aim: Assess the psychological health status in geriatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Method: Descriptive research design was used in this study. This study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Chest Medicine Department at Main Mansoura University Hospital. A purposive sample of 100 geriatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea was enrolled in the study. Data was collected using 3 tools; Geriatric Patient's Demographic characteristics and Clinical Data Sheet, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Results: The mean score of anxiety was 12.03±3.76 and depression was 9.16±2.86 with 80.0% of the studied elders had anxiety and 64.0% had depression. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between obstructive sleep apnea severity and anxiety and depression (P=0.001*). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression were common psychological problems in geriatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Recommendation: Implementation of an intervention program for nursing staff about problems faced in caring for patients with obstructive sleep apnea to help them to provide optimal care and early screening of psychological problems in order to prevent further deterioration.

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