Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.

Multiresponse problems are common in product or process development. A conventional approach for optimizing multiple responses is to use a response surface methodology (RSM), and this approach is called multiresponse surface optimization (MRSO). In RSM, the method of steepest ascent is widely used for searching for an optimum region where a response is improved. In MRSO, it is difficult to directly apply the method of steepest ascent because MRSO includes several responses to be considered. This paper suggests a new method of steepest ascent for MRSO, which accounts for tradeoffs between multiple responses. It provides several candidate paths of steepest ascent and allows a decision maker to select the most preferred path. This generation and selection procedure is helpful to better understand the tradeoffs between the multiple responses, and ultimately, it moves the experimental region to a good region where a satisfactory compromise solution exists. A hypothetical example is employed for illustrating the proposed procedure. The results of this case study show that the proposed method searches the region containing an optimum where a satisfactory compromise solution exists.

Hydroxycarboxylic acids (ether carboxylic acids) and esters P 0280 anti-Selective Dihydroxylation Reactions of Monosubstituted and (E)-Ester Conjugated Allylic Amines by Bulky AlkylGroups. -The usefulness of the presented methodology is shown by the transformation of the anti product (VII) to the known α-glucosidase inhibitor (VIII). -(JEON, J.; KIM, S.-H.; LEE, J. H.; OH, J. S.; PARK, D. Y.; KIM*, Y. G.; Bull. Korean Chem.

Since the Paris Agreement in 2015, the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory has been considered as an indicator in the evaluation of national GHG reduction. Despite the importance of achieving and evaluating the national GHG reduction targets by the local government, GHG information availed to local governments is very limited, thus necessitating the use of additional resources to create a GHG inventory for each region. This study established and introduced procedures for the selection and distribution of activity data using a national inventory to allow for the estimation of emission values according to region and used them to calculate emissions in Korea. Statistics that were not based on regional data or those based on different data collection systems were identified, and in such cases, data required improvement to achieve consistency. Emission estimation showed that the applied activity data was consistent with the sum of the regional and national values for 12% of GHG emissions. We expect the improvement of certain statistical data to improve data consistency to 82% within a ± 5% variance. With this method, the consistency between the emission data at the national and local or regional levels can be ensured, and ultimately used to establish or evaluate the implementation of a GHG reduction plan. The proposed method can be particularly useful when capacity enhancement of local governments in developing countries is required for GHG inventory management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.