No abstract
Background: A number of disorders are accompanied by altered size of various abdominal organs like liver including infective, infestation, infiltrative, immunological and malignant conditions. Medical imaging has played an important role in helping physicians for taking normal anatomical dimensions and establishing diagnosis. This study was carried out to determine the normal standards of liver size and its relationship with body weight, height and body mass index.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in GMC Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India for a period of 18 months. 300 staff members in the age group of 19 to 55 years took part in this study.Results: The mean craniocaudal length of liver was 13.08±1.04cms. Authors found a significant correlation of liver size with body weight and body mass index.Conclusions: Body weight and BMI are important determining factors for liver size. Nomograms from this study can be beneficial for diagnosing pathological enlargement or reduction of liver in Kashmiri ethnic population.
Background:The literature regarding the different patterns of upper cervical spine injuries, their appropriate management, and management development of such injuries is scarce in the world.Objectives:The current study aimed to present the experience regarding the high velocity trauma of upper cervical spine injuries.Patients and Methods:Thirty patients (22 males, 8 females) with upper cervical spine injuries were treated and followed-up for an average of 24 months. The corresponding data were analyzed with respect to various types of injuries and different treatment modalities used to treat such patients keeping the basic healthcare facilities in view.Results:The clinical as well as radiological outcomes of the treatment of such injuries were mostly achievable with minimum facilities in India, with only few complications.Conclusions:Managing such patients needs a proper transport facility, proper care during transport, appropriate evaluation in the hospital and prompt conservative or operative treatment. Treatment is usually safe and effective by well trained professionals with good clinical and radiological outcomes.
Neglected or poorly managed elbow trauma in developing countries often present as complex deformities of elbow in adolescents and young adults. Mostly deformities are being corrected for functional and/or cosmetic reasons. Same is the case with neglected post-traumatic cubitus varus deformity in young adults both male and female. Often these deformities are being corrected before the skeletal maturity even in developing countries now a day's except few underprivileged whose deformities are left unaddressed till skeletal maturity. This is a retrospective study which was conducted on 14 young adults with post-traumatic cubitus varus deformity who underwent corrective surgery in our hospital during last three years. The mean age of patients was 24.4 years and mean time since injury to correction of deformity was 18 years. The male and female ratio was equal. Our mean follow up was 21.42 months. The mean cubitus varus deformity of -15.42 0 was corrected to a mean of cubitus valgus of 11.71 0 and our mean valgus angle on normal side was 13 0 . The lateral condyle prominence was reduced from mean of 5.56 to mean of -13.14 percent. Neglected traumatic deformity like cubitus varus must be dealt early to avoid complications. Lateral closing wedge osteotomy with rigid fixation of lateral column of distal humerus for correction of cubitus varus in young skeletally mature adults has promising results in achieving the correction of deformity, timely union and preserving the elbow arc of motion.
Background:Sports activities were thought to be the major cause of meniscus injury in both men and woman, but our observations of non-athletic females show that the cause of meniscus injury was unrelated to any type of sports activity.Objectives:This study revealed squat winnowing to be a major cause of meniscus injury in non-athletic females.Patients and Methods:This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care orthopaedic hospital which caters to a population of 10 million people. We assessed 120 non-athletic females who had received treatment in our hospital over a period of 2 years. The most probable cause of knee injury, per initial patient history, was recorded for all non-athletic females who presented clinical signs and symptoms of meniscus injury. The diagnoses were confirmed by relevant MRI and arthroscopy of patients’ knees. All females who engaged in athletic activity and other females with unrelated, non-traumatic knee pathologies were excluded from the study.Results:Through our study, we found that 42% (n = 50) of females suffered an injury during squat winnowing of rice, either at home or at work. Another 29% (n = 35) of females cited a history of slipping and spraining their knee as a cause of knee injury, while 19% (n = 16) of females suffered a knee injury during complex accidents such as a traffic accident. Finally, 13% (n = 16) of the females had no definite history of knee injury.Conclusions:Our observations add to the knowledge base of the various causes of meniscus tears; this study also revealed that socio-cultural factors influence and contribute to the mechanism of various types of knee injury.
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