Epidemiological studies on obesity have focused on poverty levels, median income, and race as major contributors to increasing obesity trends but few have studied the impact of obesity on muscle mass and strength. Medical costs, insurance coverage rates, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were also considered. Investigating increasing prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and connecting it to factors like BMI, waist circumference, loss of muscle mass and strength, median income, and insurance coverage rates in regional sociodemographic USA was the goal. The purpose was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among US African-Americans of specific age groups and gender. Appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. ASM can further be defined as lean muscle mass. Sarcopenic obesity index (SOI) was calculated as ASM/TBW, with TBW representing total body weight. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as SOI of ≤ 0.128 for males and ≤ 0.519 for females. In general, BMI ≥ 30, muscle strength ≤ 2/5, DEXA value of appendicular lean muscle index (ALMI) < 2 Z score all impact the measurements of sarcopenic obesity. Prevalence; ASM/TBW ×100%. Comparisons across different regions of the USA from 2006 to 2008 US census CDC data from a total of 84,838 showed African Americans males 32.6%; (31.4-33.9) and females 40.6%; (39.7-41.5) in the South region showed females had the highest prevalence. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity between the ages of 55-74 years among African American gender is significant for females when compared to males.
The study of medicine has always awed researchers and allowed for quality scientific discoveries. According to several studies, Kawasaki Disease (KD) typically presents in both adults and children with signs and symptoms of; conjunctivitis, fever (for ≥ five days), pharyngitis as well as skin erythema that advances to desquamatory rash that does not spare the palms and soles in many cases. However, marginally minimal amount of studies has investigated symptoms particularly in adults. The purpose is to report diagnostic challenges that happened our way as we tried diagnosing a rare adult case of Kawasaki Disease in an 18-year-old male with no significant past medical history or physical features to suggest KD. The aim of reporting this case was to highlight the difficulty in diagnosing KD but stressing the importance of managing inflammatory symptoms first especially in young adults with ≥ 5 days of high fevers.
Tuberculosis has been a pertinent public health problem for both developing and developed nations. For developed nations, military personal has the higher risk since they do travel to developing nations to embark on their duties. Cerebral tuberculosis is rare and if they occur, they tend to manifest as either meningitis or tuberculoma. Tinnitus is more likely in men particularly persons exposed to loud noises along with other causes. We present a case of cerebral tuberculosis induced tinnitus in a 26-year-old male army officer who presented with a one-week episode of convulsive crises and loss of consciousness after being exposed to a loud noise while on duty. Cranial MRI showed right temporo-parietal and left parietal finger-like hyper-signals with edema on Flair and T2. However, brain CT-scan showed right parieto-temporal and left parietal sub cortical hypodensities and finger-like borders without contrast re-uptake. There was strong suspicion for TB brain abscess leading to a possible manifestation of tinnitus in this patient.Case presentationA 26-year-old male army officer presented with chief complaints of convulsive crisis and loss of consciousness when he heard a loud noise while on duty. He fell to the ground and was found unconscious and drooling by a colleague. He was immediately transferred by non-medical means to our hospital for management. The patient experienced rigidity as well as uncontrolled muscle spasms leading to jerky motions which lasted for about one to two minutes and occurred two hours before admission in a non-febrile context. The convulsive crises occurred two hours prior to admission in a non-febrile state. The patient was then worked up for review of systems (ROS)- SpO2 was 98%; RR was 24 cpm, BP = 125/91 mmHg, Pulse =103 bpm, Glasgow coma scale = 15/15, isochoric iso-reactive pupils, blood sugar = 1,11 g/l; Temperature = 37°C. No motor or sensitive deficits, no meningeal signs, no former convulsive crisis, there was symmetry for chest movements, no signs of respiratory distress, resonant percussion sounds. Also, there was no urine incontinence, dysuria, scrotal swelling and external genitalia deformations. No peripheral lymph nodes (cervical, axillary, inguinal) were palpable.Upon checking the labs, WBC: 5.05, HGB: 12.4 g/l, PLT: 313,000 electrolyte panel reveals all normal except moderate hypomagnesemia. HIV 1 and 2 serology was negative, Cardiovascular examination shows PPP, audible heart sounds at all four auscultation points, no MGR and RRR. On respiratory exam; there were no signs of distress, no tracheal deviation, resonant to percussion, CTAB and no CVAT. On abdominal exam; no HSM and normal bowel movement and sounds. Finally, Neurological; no acute distress (NAD), AAOx3, CN 2-12 intact, MME is normal, recall is 3/3, coordination and concentration intact, follows command and no motor or sensory deficits. Did bronchi fibroscopy along with broncho-alveolar lavage, in search of TB by PCR.ConclusionTinnitus remains the second most prevalent service-connected disability. Patients with cerebral TB abscess are at increased risk for this condition.
Tuberculosis has been a pertinent public health problem for both developing and developed nations. For developed nations, military personal has the higher risk since they do travel to developing nations to embark on their duties. Cerebral tuberculosis is rare and if they occur, they tend to manifest as either meningitis or tuberculoma. Tinnitus is more likely in men particularly persons exposed to loud noises along with other causes. We present a case of cerebral tuberculosis induced tinnitus in a 26-year-old male army officer who presented with a one-week episode of convulsive crises and loss of consciousness after being exposed to a loud noise while on duty. Cranial MRI showed right temporo-parietal and left parietal finger-like hyper-signals with edema on Flair and T2. However, brain CT-scan showed right parieto-temporal and left parietal sub cortical hypodensities and finger-like borders without contrast re-uptake. There was strong suspicion for TB brain abscess leading to a possible manifestation of tinnitus in this patient.Case presentationA 26-year-old male army officer presented with chief complaints of convulsive crisis and loss of consciousness when he heard a loud noise while on duty. He fell to the ground and was found unconscious and drooling by a colleague. He was immediately transferred by non-medical means to our hospital for management. The patient experienced rigidity as well as uncontrolled muscle spasms leading to jerky motions which lasted for about one to two minutes and occurred two hours before admission in a non-febrile context. The convulsive crises occurred two hours prior to admission in a non-febrile state. The patient was then worked up for review of systems (ROS)- SpO2 was 98%; RR was 24 cpm, BP = 125/91 mmHg, Pulse =103 bpm, Glasgow coma scale = 15/15, isochoric iso-reactive pupils, blood sugar = 1,11 g/l; Temperature = 37°C. No motor or sensitive deficits, no meningeal signs, no former convulsive crisis, there was symmetry for chest movements, no signs of respiratory distress, resonant percussion sounds. Also, there was no urine incontinence, dysuria, scrotal swelling and external genitalia deformations. No peripheral lymph nodes (cervical, axillary, inguinal) were palpable.Upon checking the labs, WBC: 5.05, HGB: 12.4 g/l, PLT: 313,000 electrolyte panel reveals all normal except moderate hypomagnesemia. HIV 1 and 2 serology was negative, Cardiovascular examination shows PPP, audible heart sounds at all four auscultation points, no MGR and RRR. On respiratory exam; there were no signs of distress, no tracheal deviation, resonant to percussion, CTAB and no CVAT. On abdominal exam; no HSM and normal bowel movement and sounds. Finally, Neurological; no acute distress (NAD), AAOx3, CN 2-12 intact, MME is normal, recall is 3/3, coordination and concentration intact, follows command and no motor or sensory deficits. Did bronchi fibroscopy along with broncho-alveolar lavage, in search of TB by PCR.ConclusionTinnitus remains the second most prevalent service-connected disability. Patients with cerebral TB abscess are at increased risk for this condition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.