(gm) is an important requirement in many applications such as gm-C active filters, tunable grounded resistors, automatic gain control circuits, etc. Transconductance tuning is required not only to compensate for fabrication tolerances but also to achieve programmability of relevant parameters. Tuning in operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is achieved by either varying transconductance as function of control voltage or bias current. With recent scaling in CMOS technologies use of voltage as control parameter for tuning is becoming increasingly difficult and thus for low voltage OTA applications, tuning is often achieved using bias current as it shows better linear range at low voltages.[1] Tunability provides flexibility to change the range of filters and also the gain in automatic gain controllers. The OTA is known as tunable OTA when the MOSFET using in it operating in saturation or triode regions. If we change the control voltage or the bias current, then the transconductance will be varied. Because of linearity restrictions, the circuits which use voltage as control parameter to change the OTA transconductance will have limited range of operation at low voltage. OTA transconductance can also be made vary by changing the bias current. [6] [7]
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