The Wuhan City of China evidenced unknown aetiology pneumonia cases at the end of December 2019. On 7 January 2020, the causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), currently referred to as SARS-CoV-2, and coronavirus disease as COVID-19. Older adults and people of any age who have underlying medical conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, have shown worse prognosis. The aim of this study to evaluate the risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 by stratifying the comorbidity status. We conducted a retro-prospective study of 405 patients admitted into the Mugda Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka,Bangladesh.  Among 405 cases, mean age was 46.33 years. About 216 (53.3%) patients were male. Almost  322 (79.5%) patients were managed inside Dhaka city. The most common symptom was fever on or after hospitalization (71.9%). Of the 405 cases the prevalence of specific comorbidities was: hypertension (n=141, 34.8%), other cardiovascular diseases (n=42, 10.4%) cerebrovascular diseases (n=7, 1.7%), diabetes (n=140, 34.6%), COPD (n=4, 1.0%), chronic kidney diseases (n=65, 16.0%), malignancy (n=4, 1.0%) and asthma (n=51,12.6%). Overall, 307 (75.8%) patients discharged alive during the time frame of this study. 98(24.2%) patients died, 63 (15.6%) were admitted to the ICU and 16 (4.0%) received invasive ventilation. Patients with comorbidities should take all necessary precautions to avoid getting infected with SARS CoV-2, as they usually have the worst prognosis. There is a need for a global public health campaign to raise awareness, on reducing the burden of these comorbidity illnesses causing deaths in COVID-19- infected patients. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Jan; 49 (1): 19-25

Highlights Very rare case of intrathoracic lipoma in an asymptomatic young male of Bangladesh. Can remain clinically silent due to slow growth. Must be considered as a differential for large intrathoracic mass. CT scan and MRI are often diagnostic. Prolonged chest drainage may occur after complete resection.

Background: Novel coronavirus disease is associated with highly intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. With the dramatic increase of confirmed cases as well as death toll in Bangladesh, timely and effective management of severely and critically ill patients appears to be particularly important. This includes streamlining workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention. The main objective of this study was identification of the demographic, clinical characteristics, severity and outcome of patients admitted into ICU.  Methods: We aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of disease, management patterns and outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to ICU in a Bangladeshi setting and for this purpose a retro-prospective study of conveniently selected 63 ICU admitted patients with COVID-19 was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020. Data were obtained from patient charts and the hospitals’ records using a structured questionnaire.  Results: Most of the ICU patients were older male (30, 65.3%) and most of them were 70 or above years of age group (17, 37.0%). ICU patients more likely suffered from comorbidities like hypertension (938, 60.3%); diabetes             (36, 57.1%); chronic kidney disease (21, 33.3%). In most cases treatment in ICU included the administration of antibiotics (100.0%) (Meropenem, 20, 31.7%). Forty-Eight patients died (discharge mortality, 76.2%), and fourteen patients were discharged alive from the ICU with a rate of 22.2%. One patient transferred (Palliative discharge, 1.6%) to other facilities for palliative care purpose.Conclusions: Our findings also highlight the importance of planning for mass critical care along with central oxygen supply system as the need for ICU care and ventilator support to treat patients with COVID-19 grows rapidly in Bangladesh.

Hydrotherapy is a procedure where water of different temperatures are used to relieve pain and treat illness. This review describes about different conditions of water treatments. Hydrotherapy can help treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, stomach problems, sleep disorders, stress and depression. The theory behind hydrotherapy is that water has healing properties that can mitigate various ailments and conditions. Different states of water such as ice, liquid, and steam is used in the treatment of various conditions. Water cure therapies comprise enema therapy, gel therapy etc. and also includes colonic hydrotropic, sitz bath, hydro-massage, wraps and compress methods. Cryotherapy, cold water immersion or ice bath could be a new treatment method thatis used by physical therapists, sports medicine facilities and rehab clinics. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 138-141

During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk for one lunar month. Although a majority of Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes fast during the month of Ramadan, there are no accepted guidelines for its management during this period. The few studies on this subject suggest that there are important alterations in energy intake and physical activity, and that most patients change their pattern of drug intake. The objectives of this article is to assist in the task of advising diabetic patients who fast and provide them with guidelines regarding proper management of their diabetes during Ramadan.KYAMC Journal Vol. 6, No.-2, Jan 2016, Page 649-652

Background Childhood malnutrition in all its forms is a significant public health challenge for developing countries like Bangladesh. There is a gap in knowledge of the coexistence of various forms of malnutrition among children under five years (under-5) in Bangladesh. This study aims (i) describe prevalence and risk factors for the coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight among children under-5 in Bangladesh. Methods This study included 6,610 and 7,357 under-5 children from Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) 2014 and 2017/18 respectively. Associations between coexistence stunting, wasting and underweight and socio-demographic factors were assessed by the Chi-square test and negative binomial regression. Results The prevalence of coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight gradually declined from 5.2% in 2014 to 2.7% in 2017/18. Children of uneducated mothers ((Adjused incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 5.0, 95% CI 2.3, 11.0)); with low birth weights (aIRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4, 5.1); children of age group 36–47 months (aIRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.1); and children of underweight mothers (aIRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.7) were the most important risk factors. However, maternal educational status was not associated with coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight among children under-5 in 2014 whereas in 2017/18 it was the most influential risk factor. Moreover, watching television less than once a week increased the risk of coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight by 54% (aIRR 1.54, 95% CI 1.0, 2.4). Conclusions one out of thirty-five under-5 children were identified to have coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight in Bangladesh. The burden of malnutrition was disproportionate among uneducated mother, underweight mother, low birth weight and socio-economically poorest household. Our study indicates that there is a need for multi-level interventions from household level to societal level to reduce consequences of childhood malnutrition.

HighlightsThis rare and true surgical emergency was found in a 17 year old boy in BangladeshIt was the first case of gastric volvulus managed by the surgery department of the hospital.Laparotomy and anterior gastropexy with plication of left hemi diaphragm was done.It can manifest as an acute or chronic intermittent abdominal problem requiring proper investigation.It should be suspected in congenital abnormalities of the diaphragm and can be associated with ectopic kidneys.

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