The priming principle consists of giving a subparalyzing dose of muscle relaxant 3-6 min before giving a second dose for tracheal intubation. We found that priming doses of vecuronium and rocuronium produced greater decreases in oxygen saturation and pulmonary function in the elderly (aged 65-73 yr) than their younger (aged 25-35 yr) counterparts. Priming may not be a safe approach in elderly patients.

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The objectives of the study were to demonstrate hearing status in newborns at first screening by Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and to find out the relationship between abnormal hearing screening and known risk factors. This study was conducted in the department of neonatology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in collaboration with department of otolaryngology and department of obstetrics and gynaecology. This prospective observational study included a cohort of 168 neonates from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and neonatal Nursery (Minimal care unit). All were screened for hearing impairment using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in out-patient department of otolaryngology by a trained audiologist before discharge from hospital. Risk factors analysed were according to the criteria of American Academy of Pediatrics. Of the total neonates screened, Refer rate was 32.7% irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors. Small for gestational age, in-utero infections, ototoxic medications, birth weight <1500, sepsis/meningitis, hyperbilirubinemia were found to be significant risk factors (p<0.0001). It can be recommended that hearing screening should be universally done for all newborns.

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Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos by vitrification can have advantages in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in mammals. The aim of this study was to establish an effective vitrification procedure and cryodevice for goat’s oocytes in Bangladesh. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovaries from slaughterhouse. COCs with more than 3 layers of cumulus cells were selected. COCs were vitrified by two-step procedure using 7.5% and 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotective agent (CPA), loaded on Cryotop or French mini-straw, then directly plunged into liquid nitrogen (LN2). Then the COCs containing Cryotop or French mini-straws were warmed in 0.25 M sucrose and 20% FBS-supplemented tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 followed by in vitro culture in 50 μl droplets of bicarbonate-buffered TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS, pyruvate, FSH and oestradiol for 24 h at 39°C with 5% CO2 in humidified air. After maturation culture, oocytes were denuded and examined under inverted microscope for presence of polar body as the indication of maturation. The in vitro maturation rate of goat’s oocytes after vitrification and warming was 39.3 ± 6.8%, 31.3 ± 9.4%, 61.6 ± 14.2% when using Cryotop (cryodevice), French mini-straws and without vitrification (control), respectively. Maturation rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) without vitrification. It is suggested that both Cryotop and French mini-straw are efficient cryodevices for vitrification of goat’s oocytes and further investigation is required to optimize the protocol for vitrification and warming procedure for the satisfactory survival of goat’s oocytes. The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 7-12

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