The subject of this study is to determine predictive contributions of morphological characteristics and motor abilities on the 60m hurdles, with an aim to form a group of easily applicable field tests so as to identify boys who are talented in hurdle racing. The subject sample of this study was comprised of 60 boys aged 12-13. The variable sample consisted of a 60m hurdles criterion variable and a set of 13 predictor variables comprising of morphological characteristics, speed-strength abilities and the subjects' coordination qualities. Applying the regression analysis, the predictive contribution of a complete variable set of morphological characteristics and motor abilities was determined as an above average statistical significance, influencing 60m hurdle outcome. The greatest individual statistically significant predictive contribution was achieved by the variables of speed-strength quality assessment: 20m flying start race result with a standing long jump; and only one variable from the field of morphological characteristics: the shin length. The results support the following conclusion: the two specific variables of speed-strength quality, and 20m flying start race results along with standing long jump, can be relevant predictors of successful outcome in hurdle races.
A B S T R A C T Key words: Bio-Motor Potential, Model of Running Structure, Boys Aged 10-12 Years UvodTrčanje predstavlja prirodni ciklični oblik lokomocije čo-vjeka. Trčanje u formi sprintanja je samo jedan u mnoštvu mogućih oblika izražavanja izuzetno kompleksne motoričke sposobnosti koja se općenito odnosi na brzinu. Svaku sprintersku dionicu čini struktura od četiri zasebne, ali integrirajuće etape (Smajlović, 2010): start (faza latentnog vremena reakcije na startni signal i manifestne startne akcije); startna progresija (faza akceleracije brzine, traje do momenta dostizanja maksimalne brzine na sprinterskoj dionici); trčanje na distanci (faza održa-vanja dostignutog nivoa maksimalne brzine); finiširanje i ulazak u cilj (faza deceleracije brzine).Maksimalna brzina trčanja je zapravo rezultat optimalnog odnosa dva osnovna kinematička parametara koji se odnose na dužinu i frekvenciju koraka. Ovi kinematički parametri su u međuzavisanom odnosu, a ulovljeni su procesima centralne regulacije kretanja, morfološkim karakteristikama, motoričkim sposobnostima i energetskim procesima. Najpovoljniji odnos vrijednosti ova dva kinematiča parametra trčanja pri atletskom sprintu je determiniran antropometrijskim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima (Mero, Komi i Gregor, 1992). Duži-na koraka uglavnom zavisi od visine tijela i dužine nogu. S druge strane, frekvencija koraka zavisi od funkcioniranja centralnog nervnog sistema, te je također izrazito genetski određena (Čoh, Mihajlovič i Praprotnik, 2001). Rezultatski potencijal u atletskom sprintu je u najvećoj mjeri određen sa dva faktora: nivoom maksimalne brzine trčanja i sposobnošću akceleracije brzine (Smajlović, 2010).Trčanje je elementarna urođena forma kretanja sa već izgrađenim programom u centralnom nervnom sistemu. Efikasnost trčanja sa aspekta brzine je relativna individualna kategorija, te zavisi od različitih naslijeđenih funkcija. U razvoju djece se če-sto koristi termin "Prirodni biološki razvitak sprinterske brzine", koji zavisi od visine tijela, tjelesne mase, razvoja bio-motoričkih sposobnosti i forme motoričkog stereotipa kretanja (Bračič, Tomažin, Čoh, 2009). Maksimalna brzina trčanja se razlikuje i povećava uporedo sa starijim uzrasnim skupinama (Praprotnik i Čoh, 2001). Tokom adolescencije, različite morfološke karakteristike imaju značajan utjecaj na karakteristike trkačkog koraka, prije svega zbog dužine poluga koje imaju značajan utjecaj na tehniku trča-nja. Tri važna perioda rasta i razvoja djece: a.) prva i druga uzrasna skupina od 7-8 i 9-10 godina koje karakterizira usporen tjelesni rast i intenzivan rast mišića, b.) treća uzrasna skupina od 11-12 godina sa najbržim tjelesnim rastom i povećanjem tjelesne mase, i c.) četvrta uzrasna skupina od 13-14 godina u kojoj se procesi tjelesnog rasta i razvoja umiruju i stabiliziraju (Malina 1984, Buenen & Malina, 1988.Istraživanjem se pokušala utvrditi povezanost između morfoloških obilježja i dinamičkih parametara trčanja, u svrhu sagledavanja bio-motoričkog potencijal brzine trčanja dječaka uzrast...
A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of a four-month specific exercise program on correcting the posture of persons with different visual impairment. The sample consisted of 20 elementary students with visual impairment diagnosis, 11 boys and 9 girls aged 9-14 (12±0.6) Key words: Blind and Partially Sighted Persons, Body Posture, Exercise Program, Correction, Prevention UvodNepravilno držanje tijela može posljedično uzrokovati ošte-ćenje ili deformitet kičme u slučaju djece i mladih osoba. Također, svakodnevnim zauzimanjem neodgovarajućih položaja i nepravilnog držanja tijela, nastaje mogućnost pritiskanja organa za disanje i krvotok, što može usporiti srčani ciklus. Vizuelna kontrola utječe na posturalnu stabilnost i držanje tijela (Friedrich, 2008). Pojedinačno ili zajedno, sljepoća i slabovidnost mogu nepovoljno utjecati na držanje tijela, te znatno češće doprinose dijagnosticiranju različitih deformacija kičmenog stuba nego je to slučaj u općoj školskoj populaciji djece i mladih. Na početku puberteta, znatno češće su uočene strukturalne deformacije kičmenog stuba kod učenika sa oštećenim vidom, u odnosu na učenike sa normalnim vidom, a koji pripadaju istom uzrastu (Šakić, 1993).Da bi se ustanovile razlike između pravilnog držanja tijela i zdrave kičme u odnosu na prisustvo određenih kičmenih ošteće-nja i deformiteta, potrebno je poznavati fiziološki pravilan izgled kičmenog stuba. Ovakav izgled podrazumijeva postojanje četiri tipična zakrivljenja kičmenog stuba, a koja se različitim neprimjerenim opterećenjima mogu znatno povećati. U vratnom i lumbalnom dijelu nastaje konkavno zakrivljenje, dok je u leđnom dijelu i krstima prisutno konveksno zakrivljenje, što zajedno formira karakteristični dupli S izgled kičmenog stuba (Troekes, 2000).Potvrđeno je da se tjelesnim aktivnostima može poboljšati posturalna ravnoteža (Aydoğ i dr., 2006). Pritom je potrebno primarno raditi na funkcionalnosti mišića koji su odgovorni za očuvanje fiziološki pravilnog držanja tijela. Uspjeh osoba sa oštečenim vidom u različitim tjelesnim aktivnostima zavisi u velikoj mjeri od sposobnosti edukatora da verbalno prenese informacije (Sherrill, 1993). Kao veoma učinkovita forma tjelesne aktivnosti u radu sa osobama sa oštečenim vidom je vježba-nje u vodi. Ukoliko se radi sa osobama sa oštećenjem vidnog polja, osnova pri realizaciji tjelesnih aktivnosti se treba sastojati u učinkovitoj primjeni verbalnih i taktilnih uputa (Lulić-Drenjak i sar., 2012). Slabovidnu osobu treba voditi kroz konkretan sadržaj uz pomoć asistencije u vodi, a zatim da osoba takav sadržaj može što samostalnije izvoditi i kontinuirano ponavljati. Također, važno je slijepe i slabovidne osobe, u svakodnevnom životu konstantno napominjati na pravilno držanje tijela tako da nastoje povlačiti glavu i potiljak prema gore i nazad, kako bi što duže očuvali zdravlje kičmenog stuba i utjecali na svoj estetski izgled (Troekes, 2000).Cilj studije je utvrditi efekte četveromjesečnog programa vježbanja, na suhom i u vodi, na korekciju držanja tijela s...
Restricting movement for the population and the impact of preventative measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have spurred research interests in analyzing the healthy lifestyle of the student population. The aim of the study was to examine gender differences between students in physical activity, and the perceptions of physical fitness and well-being during lock-down due to COVID-19. The sample consisted of male (n=268; 25.9%; age 22.56±2.12) and female students (n=768; 74.1%; age 22.12±1.73) at the University of Sarajevo (UNSA). The questionnaire included questions and scales constructed to measure: physical activity, physical fitness, and the acute effects on well-being. χ² independence test were used to determine gender differences (p<0.05). Prior to the declaration of the COVID-19, there was a significant difference in the level of regular physical activity between male and female students at UNSA (p<.01). The data indicated that at that time 65% of male students were regularly physically active, while 45% of female students had regular physical activity. During the lock-down measures at UNSA: 46% of male and 40% of female students reported being regularly physically active and no significant differences were found in relation to gender (p>.05); 65% of male and 58% of female students reported a decline in physical fitness and significant gender differences were found (p<.05). After exercising male students reported better concentration and mood, more energy and motivation, and less nervousness in the range of 62–79%, while female students reported better concentration and mood, more energy and motivation, and less nervousness in the range of 62-81%. No significant differences were found in the physical activity acute effects on students' well-being in relation to gender (p>.05). Although gender differences in physical activity disappeared during the early phase of COVID-19 and lockdown measures, a more pronounced decrease in physical fitness was present in female students. The reported physical activity had equally positive acute effects on students' well-being.
Purpose: The main aim of this study was to examine and analyse the body composition of young soccer players across different age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 126 young soccer players divided into age categories: U15 – 53 players (age=14.68±0.47); U17 – 51 players (age=16.47±0.50); U19 – 22 players (age=18.05±0.38). The subjects’ height was measured using an anthropometer, while their body composition was measured using the TANITA BC-420MA digital scale. Results: On average, soccer players in the U15 group had significantly lower body height, weight, body mass index and fat free mass than U17 and U19 players, but had a higher percentage of body fat (p < 0.05). In addition to the percent of body fat mass, which tends to significantly decrease with age, the results also demonstrate significant non-linear increases in body height, weight, and lean body composition concurrent with the players’ ages. Conclusion: These results indicate that younger soccer players have lower absolute values of morphological characteristics compared to senior players.
The aim of this study was to determine the level of physical activity of elderly women living in the Canton of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consisted of 115 subjects, divided in two sub-sample: fi rst group aged 50-59 (54.87 ± 2.59), N = 75; and second group aged 60-69 (64.52 ± 2.80), N = 40. Data collection was obtained using a long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ). After the results analysis, a high overall level of physical activity of the treated sample of elderly women was determined. The fi rst group of elderly women (age 50-59) achieved the total work MET 13990.56 ± 11012.0; the second group of elderly women (age 60-69) achieved the total work MET 9921.02 ± 7861.13. Determined exceptionally heavy physical activity (MET) was the most dominant mode of energy consumption in the case of both elderly women groups, was not expected. The fi rst group was more physically active compared to the second group of elderly women (p <0.05). This research has confi rmed that physical activity decreases with age. Promoting physical activity to improve the quality of life of elderly people should be a priority task of health policy of all local communities. It is important to provide appropriate ways of information about the health status of elderly people in order to determine priorities, and accordingly plan appropriate programs of physical activity.
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