Code-switching has been an evolving topic since the bilingualism blooming in linguistics milieu. However, practitioners or experts have contrastive views regarding its use in classroom setting. While the proponents believe that the presence of code-switching in one side is considered as an asset to teach language, the opponents see it is as merely an obstacle to achieve learning goal that is to acquire target language. Code-switching serves many functions for both teacher and students yet it is still employed. Despite the pro and cons of the code-switching, this research aims to show the perspective of both teacher and students towards code-switching and functions it serve in EFL classroom setting. This research used qualitative descriptive approach and the data were taken from the informants of English department in one of university in Surakarta to explore whether the use of code-switching in EFL classroom was seen as beneficial tool. It begins by the general view of EFL use in everyday classroom. This current study found that code-switching was preserved as benefits as it served some functions for teacher to convey material and for students to received material and communicate in classroom.

Semarang, the capital city of the Central Java Province, Indonesia, has been struggling to overcome its municipal solid waste problem. The current waste disposal system covers about 60% of the total waste generated. The paper begins by introducing the solid waste problem in Semarang with particular attention to the Five Year Development Plans. The Adipura program is introduced and recent measures for improving urban infrastructure assessed. The socioeconomic role of scavengers in the waste management process is detailed and the existing solid waste management system in Semarang is critiqued. The paper then introduces the Semarang study area. Waste characteristics are examined and the market value of recyclable materials is estimated at about Rp. 8 billion ($A 3.6 million) per year. The socioeconomic importance of scavengers is recognized in the reduction of domestic solid waste. The final section of the paper recommends that Semarang should consider source separation, home and large-scale composting as a means to deal with its solid waste problem.

This study was aimed at describing the types of writing strategy used by students on the perspective language proficiency and gender, and the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies of the students at English department in one of university in Indonesia. This research was a qualitative study. The subject of the study was fourth students at English department on the undergraduate program which grouped into male, female, poor writing, and good writing. The methods of collecting data were observation, interview, and questionnaire. Based on the research finding, the type of writing strategies used by the students on the perspective language proficiency and gender covered the six strategies proposed by Oxford, namely: memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective, and social strategy. The dominant writing strategy used by male students was memory strategy, whereas the female students was metacognitive strategy. And the dominant writing strategy used by the students having poor writing production was compensation strategy, whereas the students having good writing production was metacognitive strategy. Moreover, the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by male students were purpose of learning language, motivation, degree of awareness, learning style, and belief, whereas the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by female students were purpose of learning language, motivation, degree of awareness, learning style, belief, and learning environment. And the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by the students having poor writing were degree of awareness, belief, and proficiency, whereas the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by students having good writing were purpose of learning language, motivation, degree of awareness, and learning style.

:The assessment of soil quality index is one of the parameters to evaluate the goal of land reclamation. The research has been done in the various age of soil of PT Adaro Indonesia and natural forest. The research used descriptive explorative method and open field survey. Purposive sampling was used to take the sample in research location that represented the condition of every location. Principal component analysis used to know the main indicator. The main indicator was based on Eigen value >1 and chosen by indicator correlation having the highest weight index. The main indicator chosen was called minimum data set. The result of the research showed that minimum data set consisted of pH, base saturation, bulk density, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, available P, total N, and soil organic carbon. The main indicators contributing to soil quality index value were total N and cation exchange capacity. Variable linear analysis showed that the longer age of land reclamation was followed by the development of soil quality index. Soil quality index in 18 years old soil reclamation (0.651) was higher than that in natural forest (0.575). Soil quality index of > 0.5 is defined as sustainable reclamation. Keywords: land reclamation, principal component analysis (PCA), soil quality index (SQI)To cite this article: Noviyanto, A., Purwanto, Minardi, S, and Supriyadi. 2017. The assessment of soil quality of various age of land reclamation after coal mining: a chronosequence study.

In today's global environment, communication plays a crucial role since everyone cannot be separated with communication activity. Language is believed as a tool of communication. It provides the means to take the place in the society, to express and convey information, to learn about the people and the world around us. This qualitative case study is set to investigate the use of communication strategies on the perspective of language proficiency because the most significant predictor of specific communication strategy use is language proficiency. There are twelve students with high and low proficiency level as the subject of this study which is taken purposively. They are the second year students of English Education Department at one of the universities in Indonesia. In this study, the researcher used multiple data sources, namely observation, interview, and documentation. It is intended to address the research questions. The results showed that the students with high proficiency level used five (5) types and ten (10) sub-types of communication strategies. While the students with low proficiency level used four (4) types and nine (9) sub-types of communication strategies. It means that students with high proficiency level utilized more types and sub-types of communication strategies than the low proficient students did. The study provides valuable contribution in introducing communication strategies and raising students' awareness to actually use English in real-life communication.

The present study attempts to scrutinize the manifestation of cultures and intercultural interactions in English textbooks. It investigates three English textbooks for twelfth-grade students produced by three relatively major publishers in Indonesia by employing cultural content and intercultural interaction analysis. The findings show that the examined textbooks do not appropriately demonstrate cultural diversity in the international context as cultures of Indonesia and English-speaking countries have their dominancy. Also, the textbooks mostly demonstrate intercultural interactions in fragmented, limited, and superficial ways. Some recommendations are addressed for future textbooks authors and publishers as well as English teachers. The results suggest textbook publishers and authors include more the material about international culture and to provide more the demonstration of deep intercultural interaction. Moreover, teachers need to be creative by adding supplementary cultural materials to patch up the shortcomings of the textbooks.

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Attitude is essential issue to be considered in designing an appropriate learning for learners because it greatly affects the performance and implementation of the teaching and learning process in the classroom. One of the most important attitudes to be explored is the willingness of teachers to implement the curriculum set by the government. This study aims to determine the willingness of English teachers to carry out scientific approach and also to know the implementation of scientific approach in the learning. This research applies qualitative approach with case study design. It is conducted in SMAN 1 Situbondo with three teachers become the informants. Interview and observation are implemented to explore the willingness and the implementation of Scientific Approach. Data analysis in this research using Spradley’s method. From this research, it can be seen that the teachers has enough willingness to apply scientific approach totally. Furthermore, the implementation of scientific approach has been implemented well enough and has implemented it in accordance with government regulation.