The increasing interest of tourists over the last few decades in the Pemuteran Tourism Area has become a major challenge in its management and sustainability. The dive centers located in this area offer business services such as diving and snorkeling, which are the leading tourism activities in Pemuteran. These centers also experience various changes that are related to business operations and conservation strategies. This study aims to (1) determine the characteristics of these centers in the Pemuteran marine tourism area, (2) analyze the network pattern between these centers in these areas, and (3) formulate a sustainable tourism developmental strategy. In addition, the study made use of a descriptive and qualitative research method. The data used was collected through semi-structured census interviews on the entire population of the dive centers in the Pemuteran marine tourism area. The results show that the collaboration network between dive centers in Pemuteran is a centralized collaboration. Furthermore, this collaboration occured in both operational and conservational activities. The nationality of the owner and the year in which the centers were established, are factors that influence the collaboration of dive centers in Pemuteran. Conclusively, optimizing the role of the government, and the involvement of local communities around Pemuteran is an important task needed in developing sustainable Pemuteran diving tourism.
This study was designed to calculate the morphometry along the SWISS rafting route, as well as map the whitewater and analyze the risk management of the rafting tourism at the Saba River in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The whitewater mapping was conducted using a river morphometry analysis, and the morphometry data was collected using field measurements, topographics, and a geographic information systems vector analysis. The river morphometry, which plays an important role in the rafting sport, was quantified using the spatial aspects, topography, length of the main river, and river flow. The results showed that the river had a slope of 14.2 m/km, a dam-regulated flow rate of up to 4.02 m 3 /s, and water levels of 0.4-0.7 m. These figures indicate that the river channel and its hydrological characteristics are suitable for rafting activities, and it has been categorized as grade 2-3 rapids. Due to the improper risk management of whitewater rafting, this research recommends improving the skills of the tour guides or the members of the local tourism awareness group and preparing emergency response strategies that consider the site's accessibility and the available medical services.
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