ABSTRAKKeberhasilan seleksi tanaman melalui pemuliaan ditentukan oleh keragaman genetik, nilai heritabilitas, korelasi antara karakter agronomi dan hasil panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, dan pengaruh karakter agronomi terhadap hasil jagung hibrida. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada Februari-Mei 2016 di Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan terdiri atas 12 genotipe jagung hibrida, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Karakter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, jumlah tongkol panen, bobot kupasan basah, rendemen, kadar air panen, bobot 100 biji, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris per tongkol, jumlah biji per baris, dan hasil panen biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingginya keragaman genetik karakter agronomi jagung hibrida, kecuali diameter tongkol. Hampir semua nilai heritabilitas komponen hasil termasuk tinggi, kecuali bobot tongkol panen dan diameter tongkol. Secara genotipik, pengaruh langsung karakter tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, dan panjang tongkol terhadap hasil biji tergolong tinggi. Secara fenotipik hanya bobot tongkol panen yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap hasil biji.Kata kunci: jagung, hibrida, keragaman genetik, korelasi, heritabilitas ABSTRACTThe success of selection in plant breeding program is determined by genetic variabilities, heritability values and the correlation between agronomic characters and yield. The study aims to determine the genetic variability, heritability and the effec of agronomic characters to grain yield. The experiment was conducted in February to May 2016 in Grobogan, Central Java. The experiment consists of twelve genotypes of maize hybrids, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The characters observed were plant height, ear height, number of harvested ear, shelling percentage, moisture content of grain harvested, weight of 100 grains, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row per ear, and grain yields. The results showed that the genetic variability of agronomic characters was broad, except ear diameter. Almost all of the heritability values of yield components were high, except harvested ear weight and ear diameter. The characters of plant height, ear height and as the genotypic gave high of a direct effect on the yield higher, while direct effect of the phenotypic character of ear hairves on grain yield are higher.
The adaptation level among maize genotypes under drought stress is strongly affected by morphology and physiology aspects. To assess the adaptation level of maize hybrids to drought weight, an experiment was conducted in the dry season of 2016 (June to September) at Maros Experimental Station. A total of 70 maize hybrids candidates were evaluated under drought stress at generative (flowering stage) until physiological maturity. The results indicated that leaf rolling scores were negatively correlated with grain yield under drought stress conditions. The hybrid 26/B11209 and P 31 that experienced early leaf moving and a higher leaf rolling score ranged from 4.3, and 3.9 had grain yield of only 1.3 t/ha and 1.2 t/ha respectively, lower compared to the hybrid 34/Mal 03 and Bisi 18 that experienced a delayed leaf rolling and lower leaf rolling score (<2.5) with yields of 4.3 t/ha and 3.9 t/ha respectively. The hybrids 34/Mal 03 and Bisi18 had mechanisms to reduce the area of leaves affected by radiation and maintain relatively higher leaf moisture content compared to hybrids 26 / B11209 and P 31. Leaf relative moisture content of hybrid maize 34/Mal 03 and Bisi 18 were higher viz., 79.9% and 78.7% respectively and lower leaf temperatures (39.4-39.8 °C) as compared to hybrids 26 / B11209 and P 31. The effective score assessment time of leaf rolling of the hybrid genotypes was when the whole hybrid genotypes experienced leaf rolling with ±50% genotype had leaf rolling scored 2 and ±50% of other genotypes scored 3.
Low maize yields due to low nitrogen generally occur on marginal land. Maize development in Indonesia is directed at marginal land due to limited fertile land, especially in other lands in Indonesia besides Java. Therefore, the assembly of low N tolerant maize varieties plays an important role in increasing production on marginal land. The improvement of low N tolerant hybrid maize was required. Information on the combining ability of inbred lines was important in the hybrid maize breeding program. This research aims were to determine genetic parameters, general combining ability, specific combining ability of maize lines and at three levels of N fertilization. This research was conducted at the Bajeng Experimental farm South Sulawesi from August to November 2019. The research was arranged in a split-plot design with two replications. The main plots were three nitrogen levels i.e. 0 kg N/ ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha and the subplots were 36 hybrids formed from a half diallel cross and its parents. The results showed that compared to yield at 200 kg N/ha, yield at 100 kg N/ha and 0 kg N/ha reduced 18,80% and 38,69% respectively. ear number, ear weight, shelling percentage and number of seeds per row were controlled by non-additive genes, while moisture content, 100 seeds weight, ear length and number of rows per ear were controlled by additives gene. Lines AVLN 118-7 and AVLN 83-2 have good GCA for yield grain overall levels of fertilization. Crosses AVLN 83-2/AVLN 124-4, AVLN 83-2/AVLN 32-8, and AVLN 122-2/ AVLN 124-9 have the good combining ability under both low and high N conditions. They could be used to develop low N tolerant varieties.
<p class="Abstrak">Visualization of GGE biplot analyses was able to explain the genotype by environment interaction. This research was aimed to determine the yield stability of promising experimental maize hybrids in eight locations based GGE biplot method. Ten promising experimental maize hybrids and two commercial hybrid varieties as check, namely: HBSTK01, HBSTK03, HBSTK05, HBSTK06, HBSTK07, HBSTK08, HBSTK09, HBSTK10, HBSTK11, HBSTK13 and Bima 16 and Pertiwi 3 were evaluated in eight locations, ie. Bangka (Bangka Belitung), Probolinggo (East Java), Minahasa Utara (North Sulawesi), Donggala (Central Sulawesi), Soppeng, South Sulawesi, Gowa (South Sulawesi, Konawe (Southeast Sulawesi)and Lombok Barat (West Nusa Tenggara) from May to October 2013. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Variable measured was grain yield. Analysis of variance was performed for data from each study site, to determine the performance of each genotype at each location. Yield stability analysis was performed by GGE biplot method using PB tools software. Results showed that genotype H9 (HBSTK11) had the highest biological stability with grain yield of 10.37 t/ha, higer than the overall mean yield. The best hybrid with the highest yield and good stability was hybrid H6 (HBSTK08) of 11.08 t/ha. This experimental hybrid is considered potential to be released as new hybrid variety. North Minahasa is considered the most suitable location for testing, whereas Konawe and West Lombok are least suitable, compared with the other locations.</p>
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