In the present study, Ki-67 was found to be useful in differentiating between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma, but since the sample size of our study was small, larger studies are needed to confirm this observation as well as to assign a cutoff value for differentiating benign from malignant tumors.

The experiment across nine environments (three cuttings × three locations) was conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 crop seasons to study the effect of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on a cane, CCS yield and sucrose (%) in sugarcane (Saccharum spp). Analysis of variance of 10 genotypes revealed that genotype, environment and GEI were highly significant. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to interpret the behaviour of genotype, environment and their interaction. In fact, the objective of this study was to identify stable and adaptable genotypes across the locations and to determine the magnitude of G×E interaction. AMMI analysis of variance showed that 52.93% of the total SS for cane yield, 60.48% for CCS yield ad 56.0% for sucrose (%) was attributed to the environmental effects, indicating that the locations were diverse. The PCA-1 and PCA-2 were also significant and both sums contributed cumulatively to 66.84% to the total of G×E interaction. The genotype CoP 05437 (4) exhibited high cane and CCS yield along with wider stability and adaptability to the different environments. However, BO 91 (8), CoSe 092423 (10), CoSe 05452 (5), Co 05019 (2) and CoBln 04174 (7) genotypes showed instability and specific adaptability to the environments, while CoP 09301 (9) genotype showed higher sucrose (%) and greater stability across the environments for this trait.

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We examine the implications of the constraints arising due to strangeness conservation on the strangeness production in various existing thermal hadron-gas models. The dependence of strangeness chemical potential S on the baryon chemical potential B and temperature T is investigated. The incorporation of finite-size, hard-core, repulsive interactions in the thermodynamically consistent description of hot and dense hadron gas alters the results obtained for pointlike particles. We compare results in two extreme alternative cases: ͑1͒ K and K* mesons are treated as point particles and they can penetrate all volumes occupied by baryons and antibaryons and ͑2͒ the volume occupied by the baryons and antibaryons is not accessible to them. We find that the results indeed depend on the assumptions made. Moreover, the anomalous results obtained for the ratios ⌶/⌶ and ⌳/⌳ rule out the second possibility.PACS number͑s͒: 25.75. Ϫq, 12.38.Mh, 21.65.ϩf, 24.85.ϩp

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Thirty eight of diverse genotypes oat (Avena sativa L.) were evaluated to examine the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence during rabi 2015-16. Observations were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of leaves per plant, flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant, stem girth, number of green pods per spike, length of spike, leaf stem ratio, dry fodder yield and green fodder yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed substantial amount of variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study, indicated wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were revealed number of leaves per plant, stem girth, number of green pods per spike, leaf stem ratio, dry fodder yield per plant and green fodder yield per plant, indicating the preponderance of additive gene effects for these traits and hence may prove useful for effective selection. Green fodder yield showed significant and strong positive correlation with plant height, flag leaf area, stem girth and dry fodder yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Therefore, these characters are useful to the breeders in selecting suitable plant type. Path coefficient analysis exhibited high positive and direct influence of number of leaves per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, stem girth and flag leaf area towards green fodder yield. By improving number of leaves per plant, flag leaf area, stem girth and dry fodder yield per plant, the green fodder yield in oats might be improved. Those traits were influenced green fodder yield via other traits, should also be given importance while improving the green fodder yield in oats. The inter cluster distances were higher than intra cluster distances suggesting presence of high genetic diversity between lines of any two cluster than the lines present within the cluster. Cluster II is characterized by line having maximum number of prominent traits studied and contributed more towards divergence, so the direct selection for these would be helpful. The study provided the opportunity to identify genotypes to be used in future breeding programme.

Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium), an important paramedicinal plant is a potential source of pyrethrins, which have a long history of safe uses against mosquito larvae - a carrier of malarial parasite. It was introduced in India from Kenya in 1931. Considerable genetic diversity has been generated over the years. Repeated clonal selection could lead to isolation of a number of divergent clones representing selective divergence. Planned hybridization among some of the chosen clones could further enlarge the spectrum of variation as measured by multivariate analyses (D(2)-statistic and canonical analysis). The resulting hybrids manifested a variable degree of heterosis which was found to be, by and large, positively associated with the degree of divergence between the two constituent parents of a hybrid. However, the choice of the potential hybrid clone(s) for commercial exploitation was most viable when parents for hybridization were short-listed on the basis of parental divergence coupled essentially with per se performance for specific traits. The latter criterion assumes greater significance since low x low or medium x low parental hybrids also tended to register high heterosis for both the pyrethrins content and yield. Four hybrids: 234xL, 8xL, 326×395 and 319xL were identified to be the most promising for clonal selection.