Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop with largest area under cultivation in India and plays a significant role in economic stability of the country. Many insect pests attack wheat in India, severe damage is caused by aphids as serious pest of wheat crop which cause yield losses either directly (35-40%) by sucking the sap of the plants or indirectly (20-80%) by transmitting viral and fungal diseases. They can multiply very rapidly under favourable conditions on leaves, stems and inflorescence. The infestation causes severe distortion of leaves and inflorescence and can significantly decrease the yield through direct feeding. The production of chlorophyll (green colour) is prevented by the attack of aphid resulting in curling of leaves and delayed head emergence causing improper maturity of grains. The aphid incidence level differed in different cultivars of wheat. The resistance of crop is an index of the balance that exists between the preference of the pest for crop and its antibiosis against it. The mechanical barriers possessed by the plants which prevented insects from feeding or ovipositing on them. The infestation significantly affected the root dry weight, number and height of tillers and number of spikes per head. Leaf epicutticular wax, ultra structure and leaf trichome were different on susceptible wheat cultivar and resistant cultivar. Leaf trichome density and position may act as a physical obstracle to the Russian wheat aphid feeding. An increased amount of glutamic acid, glutamine, alpha amino butyric acid, phenylalanine and proline and less methionine, produce resistance in wheat plants against aphids. Hydroxamic acids (Hx) have been shown to be a major biochemical mechanism of resistance of wheat to aphids, acting through antibiosis and feeding deterrency.
We studied about sale of solid and liquid fertilizer. This study was conducted between July 2018 to September 2018 on the sample of 12 wholesaler and 18 retailer. From As villages of two talukas of Ahmednagar district, which are Shrirampur and Nagar. Primary data was collected by survey method on pretested semi-structured schedule and appropriate tools were used to analysis of data. Shrirampur taluka has good irrigation facilities while Nagar taluka has not good irrigation facilities. 78 per cent farmers used solid fertilizer and 35 per cent farmers used water soluble fertilizer. Subsidy is available on solid fertilizer. Subsidy provided on water soluble fertilizer so that prices of solid fertilizer are less than water soluble fertilizer. Therefore, sale of water soluble fertilizer is lower than solid fertilizer. Most of the farmers buy solid fertilizer because of its low pricing. So that the sale of solid fertilizer is high than water soluble fertilizer. In addition to liquid fertilizer that can be sold in the market, liquid fertilizer can be use for agriculture purpose or in the premises for plantation (Unnisa, 2015
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