Assessment of growth, biomass and volume of Tectona grandis (teak) was done at a 13-year old plantation established at Shankarnagar, Rupandehi district. Operations such as prunning, prunning and singling, and thinning were carried out at 4, 7.5 and 8.5 years respectively. Diameter increment was 2.3 cm within one year of thinning. Estimated average fresh wood production was 58.8 kg (87.6 tons ha-1) and 29.6 kg (16.1 tons ha-1) in thinned trees and 75.5 kg (71.4 tons ha-1) for trees after thinning. Likewise green leaf production was 5.1 kg tree-1 (7.5 tons ha-1). Above ground green biomass was 32.6 kg tree-1 (17.7 tons ha-1) for thinned trees, 63.9 kg tree-1 (95.1 tons ha-1) for trees before thinning and 81.9 kg tree-1 (77.2 tons ha-1) for trees after thinning. The mean over bark stem volume was 0.0707 m3. In thinning, 21 m3 per ha-1 volume was removed. The volume of standing trees before thinning at 7.5 years was 105.2 m3 ha-1. After thinning, per unit and mean basal area, biomass and over bark stem volume has increased considerably during 4-years from 7.5 years to 11.5 years. This rotation period could be applied for future plantations and already established teak plantations on good sites in the Terai / Inner Terai of Nepal to supply the wood for veneer and small timbers. Key words: Tectona grandis, growth, biomass, volume, rotation, thinning, Nepal Banko Janakari Vol.15(2) 2005 pp6-12
Biomass regression models are presented describing total above-ground biomass, stem wood, branch wood, foliage and bark production for Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala), a multipurpose tree which is found abundantly distributed and grown in western hill districts of Nepal. A total of 56 Tejpat trees between 6.2 and 16.5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) from farmers’ farmland and marginal land in Arghakhanchi, Gulmi and Palpa districts were sampled and harvested. Mean fresh weight of total above-ground biomass, stem wood, branch wood, foliage and bark was 77.03, 36.39, 15.16, 17.53 and 8.2 kg tree -1, respectively. Allocation of biomass was more in stem (47.24% tree-1) than in foliage (22.75% tree-1), branch (19.69% tree-1) and bark (10.31% tree-1). Weight of tree component was estimated as a function of DBH. After removal of the outliers, data were randomly divided into two datasets: 70% for model calibration and another 30% for model validation. Correlation analysis showed positive stronger linear relationship between DBH and biomass. Five regression models (linear, logarithmic, quadratic, power and exponential) were developed. All models were statistically significant, with R2 ranging from 0.64 to 0.83. Model validation was based on root mean square error (RMSE). RMSE percentage for the best-fit equation varied between 16.64% and 44.82%. Linear model resulted in the least error and was selected as the best-fit model for prediction of biomass of bark, foliage, branch, stem and total above ground tree biomass. Biomass models developed could be applied to obtain biomass of different tree components of Tejpat grown in the study area and could even be applied to other areas which have similar conditions; but it should be validated before using them in new sites and conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i1.9058 Banko Janakari, Vol. 21, No. 1 2011; 3-12
In preparation for participation in funding mechanisms established under the United Nations’ framework for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), the Government of Nepal has developed a sub-national reference level (RL) for the 12 districts of Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) in partnership with the WWF-Nepal, WWF-US and Arbonaut Ltd., Finland. The reference level was established using LiDAR–Assisted Multisource Programme (LAMP), an innovative effort that utilizes existing national forest and survey data, field sampling, satellite imagery, and airborne LiDAR data to measure deforestation and forest degradation, regrowth and maintenance of forests, and the resulting emissions and sequestration of CO2 in the project districts for the period 1999–2011. This effort was designed to create a sub-national RL that meets the highest international standards for integrity and transparency and followed closely the guidelines of the Methodological Framework (MF) defined by the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) at the World Bank and Guidelines defined by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).The present analysis shows that during the 12-year period between 1999 and 2011 a net total of 52,245,991 tons CO2 (tCO2e) was emitted from the forest sector in the TAL, an average emission of 4,353,833 tons CO2e per year. The results presented here reflect the first iteration of the TAL RL and a major milestone in an on-going process that will further refine and improve the RL in the months ahead based on external review and input and additional field verification and data analysis.Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp-23-33
Equations and tables for cubic-foot volume of outside bark to the top of the tree and inside bark to a 3-inch top are given for plantation-grown cottonwoods (Populus delfoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) from 5 to 22 inches in d.b.h. INTRODUCTIOM
The study on ‘effects of pre-sowing treatments on germination of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn,’ was carried out in Jhanjhatpur nursery, Kailali district in April 2004. About 15- months old healthy seeds were treated in one of thirty ways before sowing and sown from 1 to 7 April 2004 in drills in a nursery bed at a spacing of 5 cm x 10 cm. The analysis revealed that thirty pre-treatments significantly differed in germination in 1-month (4-weeks) and 2-months (9-weeks) but these pre-treatments did not vary in 3-months (13-weeks). In 4-weeks, the pre-treatment, 90-minutes in concentrated hydrochloric acid significantly differed with twenty-five pre-treatments except the four pre-treatments of 15, 45, 60 and 75 minutes in concentrated acid. The highest germination (90%) was found in the pretreatment, 90-minutes in acid, which was followed by the germination (63%) in the pretreatment, 75-minutes in concentrated acid in 3-weeks. The highest non-germinated good seeds were in pre-treatment, 30% in 96 hours in cold water, followed by the pre-treatment, 27% in 5-minutes in boiled water and 72-hours in cold water. The highest non-germinated rotten seeds were in the pre-treatments, 3-minutes in boiled water and 72-hours in cold water and 10 minutes in acid, followed by the five pre-treatments, 3-minutes in boiled water and 120 hours in cold water, 5-minutes in boiled water then 24 and 72 hours in cold water, 5-minutes and 60-minutes in concentrated acid. The two pre-treatments, 75 and 90 minutes in concentrated acid can be used to get quicker and higher germination. The four pre-treatments, 3 minutes in boiled water and 48 hours in cold water, 5-minutes in boiled water and 120 hours in cold water, 144 hours in cold water and 120 hours in cow dung slurry are suggested as an alternative to acid treatments, if acid is not readily available in the market and there is a problem of handling the acid. Key words: Sapindus mukorossi, germination, acid, pre-treatment Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp14-20
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