Abstract:A new H -ion source has been installed successfully and will be used to serve the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). In this paper, we report various components of the ion source, including discharge chamber, temperature, cooling system, extraction electrodes, analyzing magnet, remote control system and so on. Compared to the previous experimental ion source, some improvements have been made to make the ion source more compact and convenient. In the present arrangement, the Penning field is generated by a pair of pole tip extensions on the 90°analyzing magnet instead of by a separate circuit. For the remote control system, F3RP61-2L is applied to the accelerator online control system for the first time. In the running of the ion source, a stable pulse H -beam with a current of 50 mA at an energy of 50 keV is produced. The extraction frequency and pulse width is 25 Hz and 500 s, respectively. Furthermore, an emittance scanner has been installed and measurements are in progress.
A new coating stationary phase was prepared and the thermodynamics of the interaction between surfactants and hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HAWP) were investigated according to their chromatographic parameters on the stationary phase. The results indicated that the strength of interaction between single chain sulfonates and HAWP increased as the degrees of mineralization increased and decreased as the substituent carbon number increased, however, the opposite occurred for betaines. The strength of interaction between double chain sulfonates and HAWP increased as the degrees of mineralization increased, and decreased at first and increased later as the double substituent carbon number increased. Besides, the mutual forces between different surfactants with HAWP have also been compared.
A novel method for the chemical fingerprinting of petroleum sulfonates has been developed. In the present study, crude oil existing in petroleum sulfonate samples is first obtained and then is analyzed by gas chromatography. Characteristic chromatographic profiles of different brands or sources of samples are established. Pattern recognition of the chromatograms is performed using multivariate data analysis. As a result, the total 15 tested samples and 8 validated samples can be well evaluated by the standards established in the article, which are in accordance to the results of interfacial tension of each sample. The method has successfully been applied to discriminate between different petroleum sulfonates, and it seems to be very promising for a variety of other applications.
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