The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of the intraseasonal (30-90 days) variability in the tropical atmosphere (Madden & Julian, 1971, 1972. In a typical MJO event, a convectively active envelope of precipitation develops over the western Indian Ocean and slowly propagates eastward along equator to the Pacific Ocean. Over the past decades, there have been extensive studies into both the mechanisms of the MJO and its interaction with the extratropical weather, and other large-scale modes of variability (e.g., the Asian monsoon, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), etc.,) (e.g.,
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