Through fully exploiting waste biomasses as versatile matrices, value-added products and functional materials can be readily generated, which is of great significance to address many serious issues, especially environmental deterioration and waste of resources. Herein, a corncob biomass is selected as general platforms for achieving multipurpose applications, namely, the extraction of polysaccharides that can be used as health care products and the fabrication of a functional biosorbent for environmental remediation. The polysaccharide extraction from the corncob particles is systematically investigated to optimize the extraction conditions and hence to obtain a good yield. After extraction, the corncob particles are further chemically modified with phosphoric acid to produce a biosorbent which is subsequently used to deal with malachite green (MG) as a typical aquatic pollutant. The adsorption mechanism underlying the efficient removal of the MG contaminant is also unraveled through a study of the various factors influencing the adsorption efficiency, in addition to investigations of the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and isothermal adsorption models. The modified corncob based adsorption is found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process and follows pseudo-second-order kinetics as well as a Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The modified corncob particles exhibit a favorable morphology, microstructure, and surface properties that facilitate their uptake of MG in comparison to their unmodified counterparts. Phosphate functionalities and additional carboxyl groups are effectively incorporated onto the modified corncob-bearing coarsened surface, pores, and cracks, improving the adsorption performance by means of ionic bonding and electrostatic interactions between these newly introduced ionizable groups and the cationic MG molecules.
As the most promising cathode material in new energy resources, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) are widely researched due to its high platform, low cost, and environment‐friendliness, when they are assembled with graphite into battery which can lead to a faster capacity decay because of unstable solid–liquid interface. This work is devoted to stabilize electrolyte and protect interface of LNMO/graphite full battery by adding multifunctional additive, tributyl phosphate (TBP). Theory calculation which exhibits disconnection of TBP can participate in the reaction to form a uniform and dense cathode electrolyte interface film (8–10 nm) and solid electrolyte interface film around 15 nm on both electrodes, more importantly, the existence of phosphoric acid functional group can hinder the attack of hydrofluoric acid and protect electrode film. Besides, comparing with its homolog, the high‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite battery with 1% TBP shows a preponderant discharged capacity retention of 77.8% after 150 cycles, while the blank is only 66%, this work provides a direction for electrolyte additives’ selection at high voltage and has far‐reaching significance for the application of phosphate ester materials.
The high voltage (5 V class) Li-ion batteries with spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), olivine LiCoPO4, or layer–layer composite xLi2MnO3·(1 – x)LiMnO2 as a cathode and carbon (e.g., graphite) as an anode are expected to become a new generation of high energy density batteries. However, the cycle stability of these batteries is very poor because a stable cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) layer cannot be formed in a commercial carbonate electrolyte at such a high voltage, and then the electrolyte oxidation products from the cathode cause the anodes to fail. In this work, taking LNMO/graphite full cell as the representative, the effect of Li metal and lithiated LNMO interlayers on the cycling behavior of the cell is studied. It is found that both interlayers can greatly improve the cycle life of the full cell, because they can consume and block the electrolyte oxidation products from the LNMO cathode, thus protecting the graphite anode from being destroyed. The optimum reduction activity range of a lithiated interlayer is 0.75–2.0 V (vs Li+/Li) for the 5 V class Li-ion batteries because the interlayer with excessive reductivity (<0.75 V) can reduce and decompose the electrolyte itself.
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