A silicon mode and polarization-division multiplexing scheme based on a densely packed waveguide array structured as a bus waveguide is introduced. A short adiabatic taper is adopted for (de)multiplexing. Such a structure shows theoretical insertion losses that are <0.05 dB and crosstalk that is <-20 dB over a wide wavelength band for all five supported modes. The structures for (de)multiplexing are fabricated and characterized experimentally. A device, which consists of a multiplexer, a 50-μm-long straight-bus waveguide, and a demultiplexer, exhibits insertion losses that are <0.6 dB and crosstalk that is <-15 dB over an 80 nm wavelength band. The demonstrated (de)multiplexer has a total length of 60 μm, and the bus waveguide has an effective width of 1.58 μm.
A grating coupler for interfacing between a silicon-on-insulator waveguide and a single-mode fiber located at a perfectly vertical direction is demonstrated based on a tilted membrane structure. The proposed design is compatible with that of conventional grating couplers for oblique fibers and facilitates mass production. A peak coupling efficiency of 28.5% and 1 dB bandwidth of 38 nm are obtained experimentally for transverse-electrics polarized light. Back reflection in the SOI waveguide is also estimated to be 1.4%. The present grating coupler for perfectly vertical fiber exhibits similar performances to the conventional grating coupler for oblique fiber concerning coupling efficiency, bandwidth, and back reflections.
Background Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1), a member of the selenium-containing protein family, plays an important role in malignant tumorigenesis and progression. However, it is currently lacking research about relationship between SELENBP1 and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We first analyzed the expression levels of SELENBP1 based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine andUALCAN. Chisq.test, Fisher.test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship of clinical characteristics with SELENBP1 expression. Then Gene ontology/ Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (GO/KEGG), Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enrichment analysis to clarify bio-processes and signaling pathways. The cBioPortal was used to perform analysis of mutation sites, types, etc. of SELENBP1. In addition, the correlation of SELENBP1 gene with tumor immune infiltration and prognosis was analyzed using ssGSEA, ESTIMATE, tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE) algorithm and Kaplan-Meier (KM) Plotter database. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB) were used to validate the expression of SELENBP1 in CRC samples and matched normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further performed to detect the expression of SELENBP1 in CRC samples and matched normal tissues. Results We found that SELENBP1 expression was lower in CRC compared to normal colorectal tissue and was associated with poor prognosis. The aggressiveness of CRC increased with decreased SELENBP1 expression. Enrichment analysis showed that the SELENBP1 gene was significantly enriched in several pathways, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1) signaling, signaling by interleukins, TCR signaling, collagen degradation, costimulation by the CD28 family. Decreased expression of SELENBP1 was associated with DNA methylation and mutation. Immune infiltration analysis identified that SELENBP1 expression was closely related to various immune cells and immune chemokines/receptors. With increasing SELENBP1 expression, immune and stromal components in the tumor microenvironment were significantly decreased. SELENBP1 expression in CRC patients affects patient prognosis by influencing tumor immune infiltration. Beside this, SELENBP1 expression is closely related to the sensitivity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Conclusions Survival analysis as well as enrichment and immunoassay results suggest that SELENBP1 can be considered as a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC. SELENBP1 expression is closely associated with immune infiltration and immunotherapy. Collectively, our study provided useful information on the oncogenic role of SELENBP1, contributing to further exploring the underlying mechanisms.
and are predicted to become indispensable in our future lives owing to their vast application foreground. [1][2][3] Prerequisite for a truly practical flexible battery is that the device should be flexible, stretchable/compressible, and durable. [4] In the series of flexible batteries, [5,6] quasi-solidstate zinc ion batteries (QZIBs) show an outstanding privilege owing to their low cost and high safety, surpassing conventional batteries that are prone to suffer from the leakage of harmful organic electrolytes under extreme and/or repetitive compression and stretching conditions. [7,8] Lightweight and stretchable QZIBs with high energy density are the development direction of this type of flexible battery. However, it is difficult to combine good flexibility and high energy density in a single flexible quasi-solid-state battery concurrently. [9] Ideally, the performance of flexible QZIBs can be maintained well under various compressing and stretching conditions, which strictly depend on the device design and configuration. As the core component of flexible QZIBs, the electrodes must be resilient and durable, and the conventional metal-foil-based electrode can hardly meet the requirement. This type of electrode is always stiff and subject to fatigue failures, making it difficult to restore its original shape after a certain deformation. Moreover, the active material is easily delaminated from the smooth surface of the metal foil when the batteries are bent. [10] So, the active material of flexible electrodes has always grown on the substrate of carbon cloth, [11] carbon nanofibers, [12] carbon paper, [13] etc. However, the cost of these carbon-based materials is always high, which hinders their wide application. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of carbon cloth is poor, some indispensable treatments to improve its hydrophilicity is needed. These material treatment methods are always complicated and dangerous, which greatly increases the complexity of the electrode preparation process. Comparatively, some carbonaceous materials with foam-like structures may also be a suitable configuration for flexible electrodes due to low cost, high porosity, and robustness under mechanical strain/stress, especially the carbon foams (CFs) carbonized from the polyurethane and melamine polymers. As these CFs served as the supporter for some active
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.