Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is extracted from the bergamot peel, which is widely used as a medicinal and food plant in China. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that BEO has anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential in treating asthma. First, the main active ingredients of BEO were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Network pharmacology methods were used to explore the possible core targets and main pathways of BEO in asthma treatment. Then ovalbumin (OVA)-induced in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro models were established to investigate the antiasthmatic effects of BEO. BEO showed a good antiasthmatic effect by improving lung inflammation and inhibiting collagen deposition. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to explore the possible mechanism of BEO in asthma treatment. Furthermore, experimental verification showed that BEO could suppress the release of inflammatory factors in vitro and inhibit the activation of MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. This study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of BEO against asthma. Moreover, it supplies a theoretical basis for the clinical application of BEO.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a long-term, distressing, and age-related interstitial lung disease characterized by a complicated etiology and irreversible progression. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (Zhe Beimu, ZBM) is frequently used for its heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving properties in herbal compounds for the treatment of IPF. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of ZBM against IPF have not yet been reported. In this study, we applied a systematic analysis strategy based on network pharmacology to explore the probable core targets and major pathways of ZBM against IPF. In addition, molecular docking simulation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to preliminarily investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ZBM on IPF. We collected a total of 86 components of ZBM and used network pharmacology analysis to screen nine presumptive targets of ZBM against IPF. The molecular-docking results indicated that the components of ZBM exhibited good binding activity with presumptive targets. The qRT-PCR results also suggested that ZBM may partly alleviate IPF by regulating the expression of presumptive targets. This study laid the foundation for further clinical applications of ZBM and the development of IPF-related therapeutic products.
IntroductionPrimary hyperhidrosis (PHH) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive sweating. Several topical anticholinergic agents have been developed, but the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of changing medication pathways of anticholinergics for PHH is limited.Methods and analysisPubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched from inception to March 2022 for studies that may be eligible for inclusion. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PHH treated by topical anticholinergic drugs will be included. The primary outcomes include severity of hyperhidrosis measured quantitatively, the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score or the proportion of subjects with a minimum 2-grade improvement from baseline in HDSS, the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Measure-Axillary (HDSM-Ax) score and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The secondary outcomes focused on safety and tolerability. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias will be performed by two investigators independently. Data synthesis will be performed with RevMan 5.4 software.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be needed in this review due to no data are involved in patient’s information and privacy. The results will be published and diffused in a peer-reviewed journal or relative conferences.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis systematic review will be the first to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical anticholinergic agents in the treatment of PHH.Different inclusion criteria between studies and different skin sites where drugs applied may lead to clinical heterogeneity, which will be explored in the subgroup analysis.This study will also focus on evaluating systemic and topical safety and tolerability of topical application of anticholinergics.
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